问题 问答题

某机电工程项目,在施工设计图纸尚未完成之时,业主通过招标选择了一家总承包单位承包该工程的施工任务。承包范围内待实施的工程虽性质已明确,但工程量难以确定,双方商定拟采用总价合同形式签订施工合同,以减少双方的风险。施工合同签订前,业主委托了一家监理单位拟协助业主签订施亡合同和进行施工阶段监理。监理工程师查看了业主(甲方)和施工单位(乙方)草拟的施工合同条件,发现合同中有以下一些条款:
1.乙方按监理工程师批准的施工组织设计(或施工方案)组织施工,乙方不应承担由此引起的工期延误和费用增加的责任;
2.甲方向乙方提供施工场地的工程地质和地下主要管网线路资料,供乙方参考使用;
3.乙方不能将工程转包,但允许分包,也允许分包单位将分包的工程再次分包给其他施工单位;
4.监理工程师应当对乙方提交的施工组织设计进行审批或提出修改意见;
5.无论监理工程师是否参加隐蔽工程的验收,当其提出对已经隐蔽的工程重新检验的要求时,乙方应按要求进行剥露,并在检验合格后重新进行覆盖或者修复;检验如果合格,甲方承担由此发生的经济支出,赔偿乙方的损失并相应顺延工期。检验如果不合格,乙方则应承担发生的费用,工期不应顺延;
6.乙方按协议条款约定时间应向监理工程师提交实际完成工程量的报告。监理工程师在接到报告3天内按乙方提供的实际完成的工程量报告核实工程量(计量),并在计量24小时前通知乙方。
问题

答案

参考答案:1.选择总价合同形式不恰当,不宜使用总价合同形式。
因为该项目工程量难以确定,风险较大。
2.对题中所列各合同条款的不妥之处及其改正如下:
(1)“乙方不应承担因此引起的工期延误和费用增加的责任”不妥。
改正:乙方按监理工程师批准的施工组织设计(或施工方案)组织施工,不应承担非自身原因引起的工期延误和费用增加的责任。
(说明:如果在答案中包含了“不应免除乙方应承担的责任”的内容,亦可。)
(2)“供乙方参考使用”不妥。
改正:保证资料(数据)真实、准确(或作为乙方现场施工的依据)。
(3)“再次分包”不妥。
改正:不允许分包单位再次分包。
(4)“监理工程师应当对乙方提交的施工组织设计进行审批或提出修改意见”不妥。
改正:乙方应向监理工程师提交施工组织设计,供其审批或提出修改意见(或监理工程师职责不应出现在施工合同中)。
(5)“检验如果不合格,工期不应顺延”不妥。
改正:工期不予顺延。
(6)“监理工程师按乙方提供的实际完成的工程量报告核实工程量(计量)”不妥。
改正:监理工程师应按设计图纸对已完工程量进行计量。
3.影响工程质量的主要因素有:人,材料和半成品、构配件,施工方法、工艺,施工机械、设备,环境。

阅读理解

Going green seems to be a fad(时尚) for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.

On April 22,2012, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and It also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.

With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.

Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic(有机的) stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.

Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.

小题1:What might be the best title for the passage?

A.Going Green

B.Protecting the Planet

C.Keeping Open-Minded

D.Celebrating Our Green Year小题2:It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because        .

A.they were expected to follow the green fad

B.they didn’t know how to educate other people

C.they were unwilling to reduce their energy

D.they needed to perform unusual green tasks小题3:What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?

A.They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.

B.They ignored others’ ungreen behavior.

C.They chose better chemical cleaners.

D.They sold their home-made food.小题4:What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.The government will give support to the green project.

B.The couple may continue their project in the future.

C.Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas.

D.Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.

名词解释