问题 单项选择题

近年来的生物科学,一直在使人根植于自然之中这一点成为必须赶紧正视的事实。新的、困难的问题将是如何对付正在出现的、人们越来越强烈地意识到的观念:人与自然是多么密切地连锁在一起,我们大多数人过去牢牢抱有的旧观念,就是认为我们享有主宰万物的特权,这种想法正在从根本上动摇。

可以满有理由地说,我们并不是实际存在的实体,我们不像过去一向设想的那样,是由我们自己的一批批越来越复杂的零件逐级顺序组合而成的。我们被其他生命分享着,租用着,占据着。在我们细胞的内部,驱动着细胞,通过氧化方式提供能量,以供我们出门去迎接每一个朗朗白天的,是线粒体。而严格地说,它们不是属于我们的。原来它们是单独的小生命,是当年移居到我们身上的殖民者原核细胞的后裔。很有可能是一些原始的细菌——大量地涌进人体真核细胞的远古前身,在其中居留了下来。从那时起,它们保住了自己及其生活方式,以自己的样式复制繁衍,其DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)和RNA(核糖核酸)都与我们的不同。它们是我们的共生体,就像豆科植物的根瘤菌一样。没有它们,我们将没法活动一块肌肉,敲打一下指头,转动一个念头。

我当然乐于认为,这些线粒体和其他一些以类似方式定居在我身体细胞里的生物是为我工作,它们的每一气息都是为我而呼吸的;但是否也有可能,是它们在每天早晨散步于本地的公园,感觉着我的感觉,倾听着我的音乐,思想着我的思想呢

然而我心下稍觉宽慰,因为我想到那些绿色植物跟我同病相怜。它们身上如果没有叶绿体,就不可能是植物,也不可能是绿色的。是那些叶绿体在经营着光合工厂,生产出氧气供我们大家享用。但事实上,叶绿体也是独立的生命,有着它们自己的基因组,编码着它们自己的遗传信息。

我们细胞核里携带的大量DNA,也许是在细胞的祖先融合和原始生物在共生中联合起来的年月里,不知什么时候来到我们这儿的。我们的基因组是从大自然所有方面来的形形色色指令的集结,为应付形形色色的意外情况编码而成。就我个人而言,经过变异和物种形成,使我成了现在的物种,我对此是感激不尽。不过,几年前还没有人告诉我这些事的时候,我还觉得我是个独立实体,但现在却不能这样想了,我也认为,任何人也不能这样想了。

地球上生命的同一性比它的多样性还要令人吃惊。这种同一性的原因很可能是这样的:我们归根结底都是从一个单一细胞演化而来。这个细胞是在地球冷却的时候,由一响雷电赋予了生命,是从这一母细胞的后代,我们才成了今天的样子。我们至今还跟周围的生命有着共同的基因,而草的酶和鲸鱼的酶之间的相似,就是同种相传的相似形。

下列对原文所阐释的事理的概括,不正确的一项是()。

A.人是根植于自然的

B.其他单独的小生命与我们人共生于一体

C.人的基因组中的基因,与其他生命中的基因有着同一性

D.人的细胞核里携带的DNA与线粒体内的DNA有着相似性

答案

参考答案:D

多选题
完形填空

阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。

Ashley Power’s mother bought a computer for her when she was eight. When she was thirteen, she was surfing the Internet regularly, but she couldn’t find anywhere for teenagers to meet and talk. And one day she thought, “If I had my own website, I’d make it a really interesting site for teenagers.”

So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called GooseHead. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100,000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees.

After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All about Ashley,” where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got much stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen – I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too!”

In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when people tell you that you can’t do it, because I heard ‘no’ a lot. Just keeping until you hear ‘yes’!”

小题1:For what purpose did Ashley create GooseHead? (within 10 words)

                                                                                

小题2:What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (within 6 words)

                                                                                

小题3:According to Paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (within 10 words)

                                                                                

小题4:How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company? (within 5 words)

                                                                                

小题5:What is the key to success according to Ashley? (within 5 words)