问题 问答题

东海公司为工业制造企业,生产和销售家电产品,下设若干分厂和车间,在外省设有销售分公司。东海公司已连续多年发生亏损。2012年5月5日,东海公司董事会召开专门会议,就如何扭转当前的亏损局面进行研究。董事会认为,东海公司生产的产品面临激烈的市场竞争,产品销量和价格较大程度地受市场行情影响,仅通过扩大市场销售来扭转亏损局面难度很大。从公司近两年的经营情况看,成本费用控制不力、开支过大、管理混乱的问题越来越突出,这成为公司亏损的主要原因之一。因此,公司扭亏策略的重点应放在进一步挖掘内部潜力、加强内部控制和管理、提高经济效益上。董事会决定,聘请中兴会计师事务所对本公司内部控制的建立健全及有效实施进行评价,并提出相关的改进和完善建议。
中兴会计师事务所通过检查和测试,了解到东海公司成本费用内部控制的要点如下:
(1)东海公司成本费用内部控制的制定与实施由主管生产的副总经理负责,如果成本费用方面的内部控制出现问题,由主管生产的副总经理承担全部责任;
(2)东海公司建有成本费用预算制度,但实施预算控制的范围限于产品成本及各项生产费用,各项预算指标分解到各分厂(车间)进行控制;
(3)各分厂(车间)所有生产费用(包括预算内费用和预算外费用),均由各分厂(车间)负责人审批后开支;
(4)公司各职能部门发生的管理费用、财务费用等期间费用以及销售部发生的销售费用,均由各职能部门负责人审批后,由财会部统一支付或办理报销;
(5)为方便开拓市场,东海公司根据销售分公司申请按季度向其拨付销售经费,同时向每个销售分公司派出一名财会人员担任该分公司的会计兼出纳,由该派出人员按照分公司经理的审批办理各项销售费用的支付和报销,并于月末向东海公司汇报费用开支情况;
(6)东海公司没有生产余料入库和废品处理等方面的会计记录,形成大量账外资产,接触人员有侵占公司财产的可能。
要求:

针对东海公司成本费用内部控制方面的缺陷,提出改进和完善建议。

答案

参考答案:改进和完善建议如下:
(1)规定董事长对本公司成本费用内部控制的建立健全及有效实施负责。
(2)建立包括生产费用和期间费用在内的成本费用预算控制。根据成本费用预算内容,层层分解成本费用指标,落实成本费用责任主体,考核成本费用指标完成情况,制定奖惩措施,实行成本费用责任追究制度。
(3)完善各项开支的授权批准控制,明确各项费用的开支范围、标准和费用支出的申请、审批、支付程序,严格控制费用开支。对于预算内开支,由各责任部门负责人根据预算限额审批;对于超过预算限额的开支,由各责任部门负责人及分管副总经理、总经理集体审批。对于预算外开支,应实行集体审批,需要追加的成本费用预算,应重新办理审批手续。
(4)建立成本费用业务的岗位责任制,明确相关部门和岗位的职责、权限,确保成本费用支出的审批与执行等不相容职务相分离。如东海公司各职能部门负责人本身的差旅费、业务招待费等费用,必须由分管副总经理审批等。
(5)向销售分公司派出不同的财会人员分别担任会计和出纳。
(6)完善会计系统控制,为生产过程各个环节设置必要的原始凭证,记录有关费用发生和生产消耗的情况。对材料消耗、费用支出、生产余料入库、废品损失及处理、产品完工入库等,都应如实记录,加强会计核算。

选择题
填空题


What are the challenges facing multinationals that want to build their brands in China —I think the first thing is ignorance. There’s a huge (1) of the complexity in China, which is more complex than Europe. There are different rules of law, which (2) a significant factor. There are different (3) , Cantonese and Mandarin and lots of others in (4) , and dialects like Sichuan versions. You have problems of distribution. (5) Chinese brands have been (6) local because of the size of the market and the transportation system, What’s (7) built up there is a sort of a pride in localness.
How can companies build their brands in China —China is a place where (8) have to be very patient and you’ve got to build (9) time. You can’t go in (10) invest short-term and then pull out (11) then try to get back in (12) . It’s about being consistent, steady, building (13) reputation, building confidence and then rewards will (14) . It’s a consistent ability to anticipate need. It’s insightfulness that helps brands to (15) ahead.
How are local Chinese brands doing against the multinationals —China’s been built (16) local brands and there are a billion of them and they are (17) spending sums of money locally that really dominate the (18) . But the future is Chinese brands moving outside of (19) and marketing globally, because China’s got to move from a commodity economy to a (20) sophisticated economy, which fundamentally (21) brands. There isn’t a major economy in the world that (22) based upon producing great brands, because they provide far better margins and more sustainable (23) .
Has Asia produced any truly global brands —Japan has. Some of the major companies (24) do really very well with brands. In Korea, some of them (25) but some of them need to catch up in terms of understanding how to really build global brands.