问题 问答题

如图所示在一条直线上两个相距0.4m的点电荷A、B,电量分别为+Q和-9Q,如果引入第三个带电小球C,正好使三个小球都处于静止状态,问C带什么电?应放在何处?所带电量为多少?若B带电量为+9Q,结果又如何?

答案

(1)A、B、C三个电荷要平衡,必须三个电荷的一条直线,外侧二个电荷相互排斥,中间电荷吸引外侧两个电荷,所以外侧两个电荷距离大,要平衡中间电荷的拉力,必须外侧电荷电量大,中间电荷电量小,所以C必须为负电,在A的左侧.

设C所在位置与A的距离为r,则C所在位置与B的距离为L+r,要能处于平衡状态,

所以A对C的电场力大小等于B对C的电场力大小,设C的电量为q.则有:

kQq
r2
=
k9Qq
(r+L)2

解得:r=0.2m.

对点电荷A,其受力也平衡,则

kQq
r2
=
k9QQ
L2

解得:q=

9
4
Q.

所以C带负电,放在A的左边0.2m处,带电荷量为

9
4
Q.

(2)若B带电量为+9Q,

根据上述规律可知,引入的第三个小球必须带负电,放在前两个小球的连线上且离+Q较近.设第三个小球带电量为q,放在距离+Q为x处,由平衡条件和库仑定律有:

kQq′
x2
=
k9Qq′
(L-x)2

解得 x=0.1m  

以A为研究对象,由平衡条件得:

kQq′
x2
=
k9QQ
L2

得q′=

9
16
Q.

所以C带负电,放在A的右边0.1m处,带电荷量为

9
16
Q.

答:(1)如果引入第三个带电小球C,正好使三个小球都处于静止状态,C带负电,放在A的左边0.2m处,带电荷量为

9
4
Q.

(2)若B带电量为+9Q,C带负电,放在A的右边0.1m处,带电荷量为

9
16
Q.

完形填空
完形填空。
     Alfred Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining,construction, and warfare as
the inventor of dynamite (炸药). On April 12, 1888, Alfred's brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A
major French newspaper   1   his brother for him and carried an article   2   the death of Alfred Nobel.
"The merchant of death is dead."the article read." Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became   3   by finding ways
to kill more people faster than ever before,died yesterday. "Nobel was   4   to find out not that he had
died, but that, when his time was up, he would be thought of only as one who profited from   5   and
destruction."
     To make sure that he was   6   with love and respect. Nobel arranged in his   7   to give the largest
part of his money to   8   the Nobel prizes,which would be awarded to people who made great   9   to
the causes of peace, literature, and the sciences. So  10 , Nobel had to die before he realized what his
life was really about.
( )1. A. found    
( )2. A. introducing
( )3. A. famous    
( )4. A. upset    
( )5. A. death    
( )6. A. repaid    
( )7. A. book      
( )8. A. establish 
( )9. A. additions 
( )10. A. generally 
B. misunderstood 
B. announcing  
B. sick        
B. anxious    
B. disease    
B. described  
B. article    
B. form        
B. sacrifices  
B. basically  
C. mistook  
C. implying  
C. rich      
C. excited  
C. trouble  
C. supported    
C. will      
C. develop  
C. changes  
C. usually  
D. judged       
D. advertising  
D. popular      
D. pleased      
D. attack       
D. remembered               
D. contract     
D. promote      
D. contributions
D. certainly    
单项选择题