问题 问答题 简答题

阐述决策中的满意原则。

答案

参考答案:对于决策方案的选择典型的有传统经典的“最优化原则”和西蒙提出的“满意原则”。选择组织活动的方案,通常根据的是满意原则,而不是最优化原则。最优决策要求:

(1)了解与组织活动有关的全部信息;

(2)能正确识别全部信息的有用性,了解其价值,并能据此制订没有疏漏的行动方案;

(3)能准确计算出每个方案的未来执行结果;

(4)决策者对组织在某段时间内所要达到的结果有一致而明确的认识。由于上述条件在现实中是难以具备的,因此在决策中应该遵循“满意原则”。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Matt and his wife lived in the country. Matt was very mean and hated spending money. One day

a fair(交易会)came to the nearby town.

     They went to the fair and looked at all the things to buy. Matt's wife wanted to buy a hat only costing $28, but was refused. Later on, a comb of $5 attracted her attention, but he would not let her spend

any money.

    Then, in a nearby field, they saw a small airplane. "Fun flight!" the notice said, "$10 for 10 minutes."

     Matt had never been in an airplane and he wanted to go on a fun flight. However, he didn't want to

pay for his wife either. "I've only got $10," he told the pilot. "Can my wife come with me for free?" The

pilot wasn't selling many tickets, so he said, "I'll make a bargain with you. If your wife doesn't scream,

she can have a free flight."

      Matt agreed, and got into the small airplane with his wife. The pilot took off and made his airplane do

all kinds of things. At one moment it was flying upside down.

      When the plane landed, the pilot said, "OK, your wife didn't make a sound. She can have her ride

free."

      "Thank you," Matt said, "it wasn't easy for her, you know, especially when she fell out."

1. How much did the couple spend at the fair?

A. $28.        

B. $5.    

C. $43.

D. $10.

2. The pilot flew the airplane upside down in order to _______.

A. throw the wife out of the plane     

B. get another $10 by making the wife shout

C. show off his perfect flying skills

D. provide the couple with pleasure of excitement

3. The passage is intended to _______.

A. teach readers a lesson  

B. attract tourists  

C. make readers laugh  

D. praise the couple

4. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Matt loved money more than his wife.  

B. Matt would like to buy everything for his wife.

C. The pilot didn't mind whether Matt's wife would pay.

D. Matt's wife enjoyed her riding in the plane.

单项选择题 A1/A2型题