问题 单项选择题

法律规则是法律的基本构成因素。下列关于法律规则分类的表述哪一项可以成立( )

A.《律师法》第14条规定:“没有取得律师执业证书的人员,不得以律师名义执业,不得为牟取经济利益从事诉讼代理或者辩护业务。”此规定为义务性规则

B.《中小企业促进法》第31条规定:“国家鼓励中小企业与研究机构、大专院校开展技术合作、开发与交流,促进科技成果产业化,积极发展科技型中小企业。”此规定为强行性规则

C.《宪法》第40条规定:“中华人民共和国公民的通信自由和通信秘密受法律的保护。除因国家安全或者追查刑事犯罪的需要,由公安机关或者检察机关依照法律规定的程序对通信进行检查外,任何组织或者个人不得以任何理由侵犯公民的通信自由和通信秘密。”此规定为命令性规则

D.《医疗事故处理条例》第62条规定:“军队医疗机构的医疗事故处理办法,由中国人民解放军卫生主管部门会同国务院卫生行政部门依据本条例制定。”此规定为准用性规则

答案

参考答案:A

解析:本题考点为法律规则的分类。其分类如下:  (1) 授权性规则和义务性规则。按照规则的内容规定不同,法律规则可以分为授权性规则和义务性规则。所谓授权性规则,是指规定人们有权做一定行为或不做一定行为的规则,即规定人们的“可为模式”的规则。所谓义务性规则,是指在内容上规定人们的法律义务,即有关人们应当做出或不做出某种行为的规则。它也分为两种:(1)命令性规则,是指规定人们的积极义务,即人们必须或应当做出某种行为的规则,例如《婚姻法》规定的“现役军人的配偶要求离婚,须得军人同意”即属于此种规则。(2)禁止性规则,是指规定人们的消极义务(不作为义务),即禁止人们做出一定行为的规则,例如《宪法》规定“禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或破坏国家和集体的财产”,即属于此种规则。  (2) 确定性规则、委任性规则和准用性规则。按照规则内容的确定性程度不同,可以把法律规则分为确定性规则、委任性规则和准用性规则。所谓确定性规则,是指内容本已明确肯定,无须再援引或参照其他规则来确定其内容的法律规则。所谓委任性规则,是指内容尚未确定,而只规定某种概括性指示,由相应国家机关通过相应途径或程序加以确定的法律规则。所谓准用性规则,是指内容本身没有规定人们具体的行为模式,而是可以援引或参照其他相应内容规定的规则。  (3) 强行性规则和任意性规则。按照规则对人们行为规定和限定的范围或程度不同,可以把法律规则分为强行性规则和任意性规则。所谓强行性规则,是指内容规定具有强制性质,不允许人们随便加以更改的法律规则。所谓任意性规则,是指规定在一定范围内,允许人们自行选择或协商确定为与不为、为的方式。综上所述,本题A项正确。B为任意性规则,D为委任性规则。

选择题
阅读理解

A strong wind can be a dangerous thing — sometimes it is powerful enough to knock you off your feet. But to plants, the wind is a source of new life, carrying them or their spores (孢子) thousands of miles.

A NASA satellite called QuikSCAT has discovered highways of wind over the Earth's oceans. Scientists believe these invisible roads may explain why many nonflowering plants, such as mosses (苔) and lichens (地衣), grow where they do.

The satellite is able to send microwaves (微波) from space to the surface of the ocean. The pattern of signals that come back shows which way the winds are blowing.

Using this data, the scientists studied a group of islands in the southern hemisphere (半球), near Antarctica.Winds tend to blow anticlockwise (逆时针) in this region, but there are lots of local differences.

When the researchers compared these local patterns to botanical (植物学) data, they found that the wind had an important effect on where species of mosses, lichens, and other nonflowering plants grow.

For example, Bouvet Island and Heard Island, share 30 per cent of their moss species, 29 per cent of liverworts (叶苔), and 32 per cent of lichens — even though they are 4,430 kilometers apart. In contrast, Gough Island and Bouvet Island, separated by just 1,860 kilometers of sea, share only 16 per cent of mosses and 17 per cent of liverworts. They have no lichens in common.

Ferns (蕨类植物) and flowering plants don't travel as well in the wind, so they don't show the same kinds of distribution (分布) patterns.

小题1:This story is about _____.

A.the discovery of wind highways

B.how wind travels

C.how wind affects different plants

D.one function of the wind小题2:The underlined word "data" in the fourth paragraph means _____.

A.signal

B.pattern

C.information

D.research小题3: Which of the following is wrong?

A.Bouvet Island, Heard Island and Gough Island are all in the southern hemisphere.

B.Winds in the researched area blow anti-clockwise.

C.The scientists shouldn't base this research on how winds affect where ferns grow.

D.Without the discovery of QuikSCAT, the research wouldn't have made sense.小题4: Which of the following diagrams shows the correct position of the islands?