问题 问答题 简答题

心理学的四种主要研究方法分别是什么?

答案

参考答案:

(1)观察法:在自然条件下,对表现心理现象的外部活动进行有系统、有计划的观察,从中发现心理现象的规律的方法。观察法有利于收集第一手资料,了解现象的真实状况;但也存在难以对结果进行检验和证实等缺点。

(2)心理测验法:用一套预先经过标准化的问题(量表)来测量某种心理品质的方法。这种方法简便可行,能用于大规模研究,但需要注意其信度和效度等指标。

(3)实验法:在控制条件下对某种心理现象进行观察的方法。实验法可以对结果重复验证,有助于发现事件之间的因果关系,但实验情境带有极大的人为性质。

(4)个案法:对某个人进行深入而详尽的观察与研究,以便发现影响某种行为和心理现象的原因。这种方法研究较为深入,但所得结果不适合大规模推广。

填空题
单项选择题

When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do they operate
Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short term, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long term. They will also experience fear.
Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best. If they associate you with this emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place in leadership.
The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the workday; or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they become fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation. Today’s workplace is all about relationships as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know the paycheck is not the single most motivating factor in the work life of most people.
The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence—knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.

Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to ______.

A.provide a variety of projects for employees

B.help raise employees’ living standards

C.give employees specific instructions

D.deal wisely with employees’ emotions