问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成文后各题。

美国加州纳米系统研究院、加州大学大卫•格芬医学院和霍华德•休斯医学院,采用分子工程技术,研制出细胞内最大粒子穹隆体结构模型。利用这种结构,可研制出一种灵活的靶向纳米囊作为药物治疗的运输载体。

穹隆体最早是在30年前被莱奥纳德所在的实验室发现,是一种较大的桶形粒子,存在于所有哺乳动物的细胞质中,起着天然免疫作用。它的外壳能从中断开,每一半都能像花瓣一样打开与闭合,这种结构决定了它具有特殊的转运功能。

研究小组采用X射线衍射和计算机模型,分析了穹隆体主蛋白的原子模型,MVP形成了穹隆体的类壳质“围板”。研究小组负责人之一的罗姆说,这个模型从本质上讲是一个原子水平的穹隆体,具备穹隆体完整的、独一无二的结构,就像一个由木板拼成的桶,外层结构像蛋壳,能提供天衣无缝的保护。外壳由96条同样的蛋白质链构成,每条链有873个氨基酸残基,折叠成14个区域,每条链形成一个能拉长的“围板”或“桶盖”。

另一个研究负责人艾森伯格说,这种纳米结构穹隆体是一种对人体有益的纳米容器,就像是分子水平的C-5A运输机。它的“货舱”容量很大,能装下一个包含几百个蛋白质和核糖核酸体,或足以控制一个细胞的药物。

罗姆指出,他们正在努力了解这些独特结构的特定功能,控制了它们的结构,就能赋予它们新的功能。目前,研究小组正在研究改良穹隆体,使用分子基因技术,修改MVP的基因指令,就能使具有化学活性的缩氨酸附着在它们的序列上,改良MVP的同时不改变穹隆体的基本结构。这种改良的穹隆体微粒应用领域更加广泛,包括药物递送、生物传感器、酶运输、控制释放,甚至可作为纳米电机的一部分。

小题1:从原文看,对“穹隆体结构模型”的理解,正确的是一项是      (   )

A.这个模型是美国众多科学家联合攻关,破译了细胞内粒子穹隆体的特殊结构,研制出的细胞内粒子穹隆体结构模型。

B.这个模型是研究小组采用X射线衍射和计算机模型,对穹隆体主蛋白的原子模型进行分析,并由MVP形成了穹隆体的类壳质“围板”的模型。

C.这个模型具备了穹隆体完整的、独一无二的、像蛋壳一样的结构,是一个原子水平的穹隆体。

D.外壳由96条蛋白质链构成的模型,每条链可以折叠成14个区域,有873个氨基酸残基,从而形成一个能拉长的“围板”或“桶盖”。小题2:下列表述不符合原文意思的一项是        (   )

A.艾森伯格说,纳米结构穹隆体是一种对人体有益的纳米容器。它能装下一个包含几百个蛋白质和核糖核酸体,或足以控制一个细胞的药物。

B.目前,研究小组正在努力了解这些穹隆体模型的独特结构,控制了它们的结构,就能赋予它们新的功能。

C.罗姆指出,他们正在使用分子基因技术研究改良穹隆体,以使具有化学活性的缩氨酸附着在它们的序列上,从而使它的应用领域更加广泛。

D.改良的穹隆体微粒应用的领域十分广泛,包括药物递送、生物传感器、酶运输、控制释放,甚至可作为纳米电机的一部分。小题3:根据原文提供的信息,下列推断正确的一项是      (   )

A.穹隆体存在于所有哺乳动物的细胞质中,最早被莱奥纳德于30年前在实验室中发现,可见人类对细胞结构的研究从来就没有停止过。

B.既然纳米结构空穹隆体一种对人类有益的纳米容器,那就意味着这种容器对人体病痛的治疗和药物的传送有不可替代的作用。

C.随着研究小组对穹隆体研究的深入和分子基因技术的应用,穹隆体的基本研究必将进一步优化。

D.细胞内穹隆体结构模型的研制给人们提供这样的信息:纳米技术正越来越深入广泛地进入更多领域,它的实用价值也愈加明显。

答案

小题1:B

小题2:B

小题3:D

小题1:(A原文为“细胞内最大粒子穹隆体结构模型”;C原文为“……外层结构像蛋壳”;D原文为“外壳由96条同样的蛋白质链构成。”同时强加因果关系。)

小题2:(“了解”的对象是“特定功能”,而不是“独特结构”。)

小题3:(A前提错误。B结论“不可替代”原文推不出,夸大其词。C结论错误。)

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
单项选择题

Small, pink and very ugly. Hardly the qualities of a star, but they describe the deformed mouse that was the media darling at a recent science exhibition in Beijing. With a complex tissue structure in the shape of a human ear grafted on to its back, the rosy rodent was a stunning symbol of the serious strides China is making in the field of biotechnology.

China is fast applying the latest life-science techniques learned from the West to aggressively pursue genome research. It’s establishing its own centers of technical excellence to build a scientific base to compete directly with the United States and Europe. With a plentiful supply of smart young scientists at home and lots of interest abroad biotechnology is on the brink of a boom in China. And in the view of foreign scientists, Beijing is playing a clever hand, maximizing the opportunities open to them.

For the moment, the cooperation exists mostly with Europe and the U. S. But Asia’s other biotech leaders, Japan, Singapore and Korea, also are recognizing China’s potential as an attractive low-cost base to conduct research. These partnerships—and China’s advancement in the field of biotechnology—could help benefit the rest of Asia: China’s rapid progress in improving crop yields will address food-security concerns in the region. In addition, China is more likely to focus on developing cheap technology that its predominantly poor population and those of other Asian countries—can afford.

There remain, however, serious barriers to the development of a p biotech industry. Among them are a poor domestic legal framework, weak enforcement of intellectual-property rights and loose adherence to international standards. China is a signatory of the International Bio Safely Protocol, which should mean adherence to global standards governing the conduct of field trials. But some observers are skeptical. "The regulations look good, but I haven’t met one scientist who believes they are being fully adhered to," says a European science analyst.

If shortcuts are taken, then some of the recent scientific achievements trumpeted in the official press may never make it to market. But no matter how strict lab test are, other problems lie in wait. For example, there is a number of tasks it would take years to fulfill in the patents office, says one lawyer, leaving innovators with little protection if they take a product to market in China.

Japan, Singapore, and Korea will also be interested in cooperating with China in biotechnology because ().

A. it has made extraordinary contributions to the world

B. it has large supplies of talents and advanced research centers

C. its research focuses on the benefits of all Asian countries

D. its cooperation with the U. S. and Europe proves profitable