问题 问答题 简答题

简述健康教育与健康促进的评价。

答案

参考答案:

是全面检测、控制、保证计划方案设计先进、实施成功,并取得应有效果的关键性措施,贯穿于整个计划实施的始终。

评价的目的:

①确定健康教育计划的先进性与合理性;

②明确健康教育活动的数量与质量,以确定健康教育活动是否合适目标人群,各项活动是否按计划进行及资源的利用情况;

③确定健康教育计划达到预期目标的程度及其影响因素;

④总结健康教育项目的成功与不足之处,提出进一步的研究假设;

⑤向公众介绍项目结果,扩大健康教育项目的影响,改善公共关系,以取得目标人群和社区更多的支持与合作;

⑥向项目资金提供者说明项目结果,完成合同的要求。

评价的意义:

①是健康教育计划取得成功的必要保障;

②可以科学的说明计划的价值;

③是一种改善计划,对决策者实施影响的管理工具;

④通过评价,可以使公众了解健康教育项目效果,扩大项目对社区的影响;

⑤可以提高健康教育专业人员的理论与实践水平。在评价的过程中,总结成功经验,发现不足之处,完善现有的健康项目,改进日后的工作。

单项选择题

Electronics are being recycled in record numbers as more states require it and more companies collect and even pay for discarded items, but the gains come with controversy.

Some environmentalists complain that recycling is not keeping pace with electronics sales. Some say e-waste is being dumped in developing countries, where toxic materials such as lead and mercury can leach from landfills into groundwater.

"It is a success story, but we’d like to see it get more successful" to keep up with the electronics boom, says Janette Petersen of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The amount of recycled items more than doubled from 1999 to 2007, the most recent year for which the EPA has figures. But as a percentage of all electronics, it increased less, from 15% to 18%. "The demand for electronics recycling has been growing," partly because of the switch last year to digital TV, says Jennifer Berry of Earth911. corn, a private group that keeps a database of recyclers. Last year, she says 31% of inquiries involved electronics, primarily TVs, batteries and computers.

Public and private efforts are expanding. Vermont became the 21st state last month to enact a law that requires e-waste recycling. Twenty-six companies--including Dell, Hewlett Packard, AT&T and Verizon--have partnered with the EPA on the Plug-In to eCycling program to promote electronics recycling since its launch in 2003. Companies such as Gazelle. corn pay for used gadgets such as iPods, which they resell or recycle. Best Buy and other stores are collecting more e-waste. Target announced last month that it put bins in every store to accept cellphones, MP3 players and ink cartridges.

Jim Puckett of Basel Action Network, a Seattle-based non-profit organization that aims to stop toxic exports, worries that some American companies dump e-waste in Africa to save money. "People are trying to look green, but they’re not telling you where it (waste) is going," he says. "You can’t turn over your TV to just any recycler. " He says it’s better to store an old TV than give it to a recycler that may export it to poor countries.

The Basel Action Network announced its e-Stewards program last month to ensure safe handling of electronics by using only recyclers certified by accredited organizations. It now lists 45 recyclers in 80 locations. Samsung and other companies have signed on. Environmental groups, including the Sierra Club, back it.

By saying "the gains come with controversy" (Line 2, Paragraph 1), the author means ()

A. recycling electronics gains no achievement

B. recycling can not solve the e-waste problem fundamentally

C. states and companies have to pay for discarded items

D. it is not necessary to take measures to recycle electronics

单项选择题