问题 选择题

同学们对动物的先天性行为和学习行为提出了自己的认识,其中正确的是:

A.动物越高等,学习行为就越复杂,在所有行为中所占比例也越大

B.先天性行为和学习行为都是由遗传物质控制的

C.无脊椎动物比较低等,它们没有学习行为

D.动物界中,只有哺乳动物才有学习行为

答案

答案:A

题目分析:A.动物的先天性行为是一些简单的、出生时就必不可少的行为,学习行为则是动物不断适应多变环境得以更好地生存和繁衍的重要保证,不同动物的学习能力是有差别的:动物越低等,学习能力也就越差,动物越高等,学习行为就越复杂,在所有行为中所占比例也越大,故符合题意;

B.动物的先天性行为是由体内的遗传物质控制的,学习行为是通过环境因素的作用,由生活经验和学习获得的,故不符合题意;

C.如果一种生物一生只具备先天性行为而没有学习行为,这种生物就会因找不到食物或不能逃避敌害等而被大自然淘汰,研究发现,就连动物界最低等的原生动物草履虫,也是有学习能力的,故不符合题意;

D.不同动物都具有学习能力,但学习能力是有差别的,动物越低等,学习能力也就越差,例如走迷宫的蚯蚓要经过200次以上的尝试和错误后,才能学会直接爬向潮湿的暗室,而走复杂迷宫的老鼠学习就快得多,因此并不是只有哺乳动物才有学习行为,故不符合题意;

故选A。

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Writing about music is like dancing about architecture, or so the saying goes. Sometimes attributed to Frank Zappa, other times to Elvis Costello, this quote is usually intended to convey the futility of such an endeavor, if not the complete silliness of even attempting it. But Glenn Kurtz’s graceful memoir, Practicing: A Musician’s Return to Music, turns the expression on its head, giving it a different meaning by creating a lovely, unique book.
Kurtz picked up the guitar as a kid in a music-loving family, attended the Long Island music school, and went on to play on Merv Griffin’s TV show before graduating from Tufts University. Motivating the young Kurtz was the dream of reinventing classical guitar, as if by his great ambition alone he could push it from the margins of popular interest to center stage-something not even accomplished by the late Spanish guitarist Andres Segovia, perhaps the only artist of the form ever to reach anything resembling widespread celebrity.
This book reads like a love story of sorts: Boy meets guitar. Boy loves guitar. Guitar breaks boy’s heart or, more precisely, the ordinariness of a working musician’s life does so. "I’d just imagined the artist’s life naively, childishly, with too much longing, too much poetry and innocence and purity," Kurtz writes. "The guitar had been the instrument of my dreams. Now the dream was over. "
Boy leaves guitar. Were the story to end here, this book would be a tragedy, but after nearly a decade the boy returns to guitar, and although he has lost the enthusiasm he had in his youth, he finds his love of the guitar again in a way he never could have appreciated before.
Although Kurtz is writing about a unique musical path, his journey speaks eloquently to the heart of anyone who has ever desperately yearned to achieve something and felt the sting of disappointment. "Everyone who gives up a serious childhood dream—of becoming an artist, a doctor, an engineer, an athlete—lives the rest of their life with a sense of loss, with nagging what it is," he writes. "Is that time and effort, that talent and ambition, truly wasted \

The word "nagging" underlined in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.

A.criticize

B.complain

C.disturb

D.hatter