问题 选择题

某学校地理兴趣小组做了如下实验:做两个相同规格的玻璃箱(如图),甲底部放一层土,中午同时把两个玻璃箱放在日光下,十五分钟后,同时测玻璃箱里的气温,结果发现底部放土的比没有放土的足足高了3℃。据此完成:

甲箱温度比乙箱温度高的原因是

A.太阳辐射强弱差异

B.地面辐射强弱差异

C.大气吸热强弱差异

D.大气辐射强弱差异

答案

答案:B

本题考查大气的受热过程和大气的保温作用。大气对太阳辐射的吸收:具有选择性(大气中的臭氧和氧原子主要吸收紫外线;水汽和二氧化碳主要吸收红外线),而对太阳辐射中能量最强的可见光吸收很少,太阳辐射不是大气的主要直接热源。地面辐射:为长波辐射,除少部分透过大气返回宇宙空间外,绝大部分为大气中的水汽和二氧化碳吸收,因此,地面是低层大气主要的直接热源。大气逆辐射:大气在增温的同时,也向外放出红外辐射,也是长波辐射,其大部分辐射向地面,称大气逆辐射,补充地面热量的损失,对地面起到了保温作用。底部放土的具有地面辐射,所以气温高。所以本题选择B选项。

阅读理解

When Sally Ride was ten years old, she had no idea that she would some day grow up to be one of America’s first woman astronauts. In fact, if you had asked her then what wanted to be, she would have said, “ I want to play shortstop for the Los Angeles Dodgers.” Sally collected baseball cards by the boxful, and she knew the name and batting average (击球率)of every player in the National League.

But major league baseball didn’t seem much of a possibility for a girl, even an athletic one like Sally, so her father and mother talked her into taking tennis lessons when she was twelve. At first she hated to trade in her baseball bat for a tennis racket, but it wasn’t long before she started to win tournaments in her new sport. “ Tennis became much more fun when I started winning,” Sally remembers. Soon a row of trophies (奖牌)replaced her box of baseball cards, and tennis star Billie Jean King replaced Dodger shortstop Maury Wills as her sports idol.

Sally first became interested in the space program in 1962 when astronaut John Glenn orbited the earth in his Mercury space capsule. Sally was ten years old at the time, but she remembers the launch and the splashdown (掉落) as if they happened yesterday. The girl who used to memorize batting averages became a space fan. She quickly learned the name of every NASA astronaut(there were only eight of them in 1962), the date of every launch, and the name and number of every spacecraft from Freedom 7 to Skylab 3. She could tell you the speed of light (186,300 miles per second), the distance to the moon (238,860 miles), and the names of the three nearest stars( the Sun, Alpha Centauri, and Barnard’s Star).

By the time she was sixteen, Sally had decided to become an astrophysicist, a scientist who studies space. She had also become a nationally ranked tennis player. She remembers yawning(打哈欠) through an important tennis match on June 20, 1969, after staying up all night to watch Neil Armstrong’s first steps on the moon. Sally lost the match.

As Sally got older, many of her friends started playing professional tennis. Some of them tried to talk her into quitting school to join them on the professional tennis circuit. But Sally said no. “ Black holes are more interesting to me than backhands,” she told them. Now she knows that she made the right choice, but in 1970 Sally had no way of knowing that NASA would open the space program to women.

小题1:At the age of twelve, Sally Ride ________.

A.was interested in playing tennis

B.was persuaded into taking tennis training

C.began to become interested in space

D.decided to become an astrophysicist小题2:Sally Ride lost the match on June, 1969 just because________.

A.she was tired

B.she couldn’t decide whether to be an astrophysicist

C.she couldn’t decide whether to take part in a professional tennis circuit

D.she wasn’t interested in tennis小题3:From the story we know that Sally ________.

A.had been a professional baseball player

B.had never been a professional player

C.had never been a woman astrophysicist

D.wasn’t interested in space program小题4:A capsule is ________.

A.the name of the neareast star

B.a place where the American astronauts and the crew work

C.a place where astronauts and the crew are trained

D.a container of the crew and astronauts detached(分离) from a rocket小题5:Which of the following is True according to the passage?

A.According to the story, Sally Ride is a woman astrophysicist.

B.The ambition of becoming a woman astronaut was made in Sally’s childhood.

C.Freedom 7 and Skylab 3 are the names of the nearest stars.

D.Sally didn’t quit her schooling at the time as she knew sooner or later NASA would hire woman astronaut.

单项选择题