问题 问答题 简答题

PM2.5有哪些危害?

答案

参考答案:

PM2.5对健康的危害是多方面的。进入肺部的PM2.5长期作用可使局部支气管的通气功能下降、细支气管和肺泡的换气功能受损。吸附着有害气体的PM2.5可以刺激或腐蚀肺泡壁,长期作用可使呼吸道防御机能受到损害,发生支气管炎、肺气肿和支气管哮喘等。暴露于PM2.5数小时至数周后,可使心肌缺血、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心律失常和卒中等心脑血管疾病相关死亡和非致死性事件发生的风险增高。长期暴露于PM2.5可更显著地增加人群心血管疾病死亡风险。

PM2.5污染可加快动脉粥样硬化的发病和进展。也有证据提示,PM2.5暴露会促进一些慢性疾病,如高血压和糖尿病发病和恶化。

PM2.5的有机提取物有致突变性,并可引起细胞的染色体畸变等改变。研究还发现,PM2.5的有机提取物可引起细胞发生恶性转化。PM2.5中含有多种致癌物和促癌物。城市大气PM2.5中的致癌性多环芳烃如苯并[a]芘浓度与居民肺癌的发病率和死亡率有关。大气PM2.5的高浓度长期暴露还与人群中出生缺陷的高发有关。

PM2.5能吸收和阻挡太阳辐射,降低紫外线辐射的强度。紫外线具有抗佝偻病及杀菌的作用。因此,在PM2.5污染严重的地区,儿童佝偻病发病率增加,一些呼吸道传染病的发病率也增高。

阅读理解

Tickets for the World Expo (世博会) 2010 will go on sale for groups on March 27, and for the public on July 1, 2009.

The basic ticket price will be 160 yuan. Foreigners will be able to buy tickets from overseas outlets authorized (授权)by the Bureau of Shanghai World Expo Coordination (BSWEC).

From March 27 to June 30, group bookings can be made for organizations, institutions and enterprises. The public can buy tickets from July 1.

Peak day admission tickets will cost 200 yuan and will cover 17 days including Chinese Labor Day holiday (May 1-3), National Day holiday (October 1-7), and the last week before closing (October 25-31).

Tickets will be discounted(打折)from 10 to 30 yuan for those who buy before the Expo opens on May 1, 2010.

People going to the Expo after 5pm (apart from the peak days) can get tickets for 90 yuan but only during Expo.

Three-day passes will cost 400 yuan and seven-day passes 900 yuan.

At least 62 million tickets will be available. Discounts will also be offered to the disabled, senior citizens, students with valid IDs and Chinese servicemen and women. Children under 1.2 meters will not have to pay.

The basic price is “affordable” for the majority of people. It was common practice to set ticket prices within the 1 to 3 percent range of the host country's per-capita disposable income (人均可支配收入).

The Expo organizer will encourage people to reserve tickets in advance or buy group tickets in an attempt to control visitor flow. The organizer is expecting 70 million visitors, 5 percent of whom will be from overseas.

The organizer will appoint domestic and overseas agencies(代理) to sell tickets and there will be 3,200 sales outlets in China. People will be able to purchase tickets at branches of China Mobile, China Telecom, Bank of Communications and China Post. Online and hotline channels will also be opened.

The first domestic and overseas ticket sales agencies will sign contracts with the organizer on March 2.

During Expo, visitors will be able to buy tickets on site or at kiosks(电话亭). The Expo Bureau will appoint travel agents to organize group tours.

49. If you want to visit Expo at 9 a.m. on May 2, 2010, you will have to pay ______ for the ticket.

A. 200 yuan          B. 90 yuan        C. 160 yuan      D. 190 yuan

50. According to the passage, all these people can receive discounts EXCEPT __________.

A. senior citizens                       B. the disabled 

C. Chinese servicemen and women             D. students without valid IDs

51. To control visitor flow, the Expo organizer will__________.

A. sign contracts with the sales agencies

B. appoint travel agents to organize group tours

C. appoint domestic and overseas agencies to sell tickets

D. encourage people to book tickets ahead of time or buy group tickets

52. The main idea of this passage is__________

A. where people can buy Shanghai Expo tickets

B. that Shanghai World Expo will be held on 2010

C. that Shanghai World Expo tickets will set to go on sale

D. how people can buy tickets to visit Shanghai World Expo

单项选择题 A1/A2型题