问题 单项选择题

在CPU中,()可用于传送和暂存用户数据,为ALU执行算术逻辑运算提供工作区。

A.程序计数器

B.累加寄存器

C.程序状态寄存器

D.地址寄存器

答案

参考答案:B

解析:

本题考查CPU的主要寄存器的类型和特点。

寄存器是CPU中的一个重要组成部分,它是CPU内部的临时存储单元。寄存器既可以用来存放数据和地址,也可以存放控制信息或CPU工作时的状态。在CPU中增加寄存器的数量,可以使CPU把执行程序所需的数据尽可能地放在寄存器中,从而减少访问内存的次数,提高其运行速度。但是寄存器的数目也不能太多,除了增加成本外,由于寄存器地址编码增加也会增加指令的长度。CPU中的主要寄存器有:数据缓冲寄存器、指令寄存器、程序计数器、地址寄存器、累加寄存器、状态条件寄存器。

(1)数据缓冲寄存器:数据缓冲寄存器用来暂时存放由内存储器读出的一条指令或一个数据字;当向内存存入一条指令或一个数据字时,也暂时将它们存放在数据缓冲寄存器中。

(2)指令寄存器:指令寄存器用来保存当前正在执行的一条指令。

(3)程序计数器:程序计数器用于存放指令的地址。当程序顺序执行时,每取出一条指令,PC内容自动增加一个值,指向下一条要取的指令。当程序出现转移时,则将转移地址送入PC,然后由PC指向新的程序地址。

(4)地址寄存器:地址寄存器用于保存当前CPU所访问的各种内存地址。地址寄存器包括程序计数器、堆栈指示器、变址寄存器、段地址寄存器等。

(5)累加寄存器:累加寄存器是一个数据寄存器。当运算器的算术逻辑单元(ALU)执行算术或逻辑运算时,为ALU提供一个工作区。

(6)状态条件寄存器:状态条件寄存器保存由算术指令和逻辑指令运行或测试的结果建立的各种条件码内容。如运算结果进位标志、运算结果零标志、运算结果符号标志、运算结果溢出标志等。

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