问题 单项选择题

1岁患儿,生后1个月时因患肺炎于外院诊断为室间隔缺损,共患肺炎3次。查体:生长发育差,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及3~4级粗糙的全收缩期杂音,传导广泛,有震颤,P2亢进。

此患儿最常见的合并症是

A.支气管肺炎

B.脑栓塞

C.心律失常

D.感染性心内膜炎

E.缺氧发作

答案

参考答案:A

解析:室间隔缺损的心电图改变与血流动力学有关,其规律是:①正常;②左室增大;③左、右心室增大;④当出现重度肺动脉高压时右室大,此时临床表现为发绀。本病临床表现为反复患肺炎;查体:生长发育差,心尖搏动弥散,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及3~4级粗糙的全收缩期杂音,传导广泛,有震颤,P2亢进,心电图改变符合左、右心室增大。室间隔缺损患儿心脏听诊P2亢进,表示肺动脉压力增高。室间隔缺损患儿最常见的合并症是由于肺循环血量增多,易继发感染,患支气管肺炎。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Parents are creating an “I want it now” generation by indulging children's every demand at Christmas,say experts.Youngsters are becoming increasingly selfish,claim the education analysts.

Consumer­savvy children are forcing their families into racking up huge debts and risk becoming spoilt and dissatisfied in the future.

Behavioural consultant Chris Calland said,“Parents are desperate to make Christmas into a magical fairy tale for their kids.There's nothing wrong with that as such.The problem arises when it means always giving in to all our children's demands—even if they are beyond our price range or not age­appropriate.”

Ms.Calland,who runs “Santa Says No” style sessions with colleague Nicky Hutchinson,added, “Many of us go into so much debt providing the gifts our children want that we spend the rest of the year paying off the bills.Yet so often the parcels we've carefully wrapped,once opened,are just pushed away because the very thing our little boy or girl was once so desperate for, they have now lost interest in.”

Ms. Calland and Ms.Hutchinson have drawn up a list of guidelines to help parents manage their offspring's Christmas lists this year.They say that adults can actually improve their relationships with their children by resisting “pester (纠缠) power”.

Ms.Calland said,“All too often we say yes because we want an easier life when the fact is that we're only building up problems for the future.We are helping create a generation of youngsters who are blind to the needs of others and the necessity of hard work.”

“Children learn fast—if we sometimes change our mind,they quickly realise it might be worth lying on the floor and screaming for it.Make sure you and your partner are working together on this.Be consistent.And try not to get caught up in competition with other families or friends.”

小题1:How is the “I want it now” generation created?

A.Parents can't afford the gifts for their children.

B.Parents become heavily in debt.

C.Parents are trying to make Christmas into a magical fairy tale.

D.Parents give children whatever they want at Christmas.小题2:What is the main problem with the “I want it now” generation?

A.They are quite self­centered.

B.They like to live in fairy tales.

C.They waste a lot of money on gifts.

D.They can't keep their interest in gifts.小题3:What is probably the aim of “Santa Says No” style sessions?

A.To advise on how to wrap gifts properly.

B.To keep children's interest in the gifts.

C.To tell parents how to say no to children's demands.

D.To advise parents on what gifts to buy for children.小题4:According to the passage,we can infer that Ms.Calland intends to ________.

A.analyze children's behavior

B.give advice to parents

C.introduce a new generation

D.give her support to parents小题5:Ms.Calland would agree that parents should ________.

A.buy nothing for children at Christmas

B.choose gifts carefully for children

C.let children choose their own gifts

D.avoid competing with others