问题 问答题

某集团公司为扩展业务,计划采购一批运输车辆,现有两种方案可供选择。

第1方案是采购10辆进口车辆,每辆车辆的离岸价格是3万美元,海上运费和运输保险费为1500美元/辆,银行财务费率为0.5%,外贸手续费率为1.5%,进口关税税率为22%,增值税的税率为17%,美元的银行牌价为每美元6.5元人民币,车辆的国内运杂费率为6000元/辆。假定其他税费暂不考虑。第2方案是采购14辆国产车辆才能达到同等效果,价格为20万元/辆,需要交纳购置税等费用2万元/辆。

每车的车辆操作人员的平均工资为30000元/年,设备的使用寿命均为8年,8年内进口车辆和国产车辆均可行驶80万千米,8年后车辆报废,没有残值。

在运营期间,每辆进口车的燃油成本、日常维护成本和大修成本合计为0.7元/千米,每辆国产车的燃油成本、日常维护成本和大修成本合计为0.6元/千米。

上述财务数据中,除人工费、外汇汇率外,不存在价格扭曲现象。进口车辆的劳动力影子价格转换系数按1.2计算,国产车辆按1.0计算,影子汇率转换系数为1.08,社会折现率为10%。复利系数见下表。

复利系数表
in(F/P,i,n)(P/F,i,n)(A/P,i,n)(P/A,i,n)(A/F,i,n)(F/A,i,n)
10%61.77150.564480.229614.35520.129617.7155
82.14350.466510.187455.3490.0874511.435
102.59370.385550.162756.14450.0627515.937

从国民经济的角度,计算每千米综合经济成本。

答案

参考答案:

国民经济评价。
  (A)已知每台进口车辆的燃油成本、日常维护成本和大修成本合计为0.G0元/km,不用调整,关税和增值税为转移支付不必考虑。
  进口车辆购置费用现值:(C0000+AE00)×A.0H×F.E+IGE+C0GA.BE+F000=BCAAGF.BE(元)。
  每千米分摊车辆的购置成本:BCAAGF.BE×(A/P,A0%,H)/A00000=0.DC(元/km)。
  进口车辆:每台车辆每千米的人工费:C0000×A.B/A00000=0.CF(元/km)。
  因此三项合计每台进口车辆每千米的经济成本:0.G0+0.DC+0.CF=A.DI(元/km)。
  (B)已知每台国产车辆的燃油成本、日常维护成本和大修成本合计为0.F元/km,购置税为转移支付不予考虑。
  每千米分摊车辆的购置成本:B00000×(A/P,A0%,H)/A00000=0.CG(元/km)。
  国产车辆:每台车辆每千米的人工费:C0000/A00000=0.C0(元/km)。
  因此,三项合计每台国产车辆每千米的经济成本:0.F+0.CG+0.C0=A.BG(元/km)。

完形填空
完形填空。
     "Are you too stupid to do anything right?" These words-said by a woman to a little boy who
was obviously her son-were   1   because he had walked away from her. The boy returned, his
eyes downcast (沮丧的).
     Not a    2   moment, perhaps.     3   small moments sometimes last a very long time. And a
few words -though they mean    4  at the time to the people who say them-can have great   5  .
     I recently heard a story from a man named Malcolm Dalkoff. For the last 24 years he has
been a professional   6  . Here is what he told me:
     As a boy in Rock Island, Dalkoff was terribly    7  . He had few    8    and no self-confidence
(自信心). One day, his English teacher, Ruth Brauch, gave the class an assignment(作业). The
students had been reading To Kill a Mockingbird. Now they were to write their own chapter that
would    9   the  last chapter of the novel. Dalkoff wrote his chapter and turned it 10   . Today he
can not recall(回忆起) anything 26about the chapter he wrote, or what    11  Mrs. Branch gave
him. What he does remember is the four words Mrs. Brauch wrote in the margin (空白处) of the
paper: "This is    12  writing."
     Four words. They     13   his life.
     "  14     I read those words, I had no idea of who I was or   15    I was going to be," he said.
     "After reading her note, I went home and wrote a short story, something I had always been
16  
of doing but never believed I could do."Over the rest of that year in school, he wrote many
short stories and always brought them to school for Mrs. Brauch to evaluate (评价). She was
  17   , tough and honest. "She was just what I   18  ," Dalkoff said.
     His confidence   19   . Dalkoff believes that none of this would have happened, had that woman
not written those four words in the margin of his paper.
( )1. A. talked    
( )2. A. wonderful
( )3. A. Yet      
( )4. A. much      
( )5. A. meaning  
( )6. A. writer    
( )7. A. sorry    
( )8. A. books    
( )9. A. follow    
( )10. A. on      
( )11. A. common  
( )12. A. signs    
( )13. A. poor    
( )14. A. changed  
( )15. A. Unless  
( )16. A. what    
( )17. A. tired    
( )18. A. strict  
( )19. A. feared  
( )20. A. grew    
B. thought  
B. difficult
B. Although
B. little  
B. power    
B. player  
B. proud    
B. ideas    
B. match    
B. in      
B. stupid  
B. remark  
B. serious  
B. damaged  
B. Until    
B. how      
B. fond    
B. kind    
B. needed  
B. lifted  
C. spoken    
C. funny      
C. For        
C. more      
C. force      
C. poet      
C. sick      
C. friends    
C. decide    
C. out        
C. special    
C. prize      
C. good      
C. affected  
C. When      
C. where      
C. proud      
C. encouraging
C. expected  
C. appeared  
D. expressed  
D. big        
D. Therefore  
D. most        
D. sense      
D. singer      
D. shy        
D. chances    
D. improve    
D. down        
D. different  
D. grades      
D. silly      
D. improved    
D. While      
D. which      
D. dreaming    
D. praising    
D. loved      
D. returned  
单项选择题