问题 问答题

就给定资料所反映的主要问题,用1200字左右的篇幅,自拟标题进行论述。要求中心明确,内容充实,论述深刻,有说服力。

答案

参考答案:大学生属于知识阶层,风华正茂,青春正好,又考入了高等院校。是什么原因使得他们走上自杀这条不归路呢
现在大学生自杀,是多种因素交织的结果。直接原因有失恋,有丧失实现人生理想的信心,也有看到社会黑暗面之后对社会丧失信心,还有学习成绩跟不上去以及感到就业压力等,一念之差,走上了不归路。
社会变革时期出现的一些新的矛盾困惑是其深层原因。这些矛盾与困惑,不要说学生心理不适应,成年人也不适应。大学生现在还处于漂泊不定的时候,没有成家,感情在他们心中很重;工作还不确定,对未来没有安全感,还有些从偏远地区走出来的孩子们,他们希望能够进入高等院校之后改变人生、改变家庭,但是理想与现实之间是有差距的,这使他们产生了焦虑。这些因素交织在一起,就容易出现问题。
当然,这与学生的心理健康也有关系。每个学生的心理状况是不一样的,心理越健康,问题相对也就越少。有一些学生对矛盾、对压力看得比较轻一些,他们本身抗压的能力比较大一些。而另一些人的性格比较脆弱,随着各种压力的加大,而我们的工作如果做得不到位,这时就容易产生这类不幸事件。
从大的方面讲,大学生自杀的原因有客观和主观两个方面的因素。
客观上,社会因素有生活压力大、竞争激烈等;个人因素则表现在大学生还没有经历一个很好的社会化过程。这使得他们的社会适应能力很低,遇到问题不知道该怎么解决,容易迷茫,从而走上极端。
现在很多家长、老师为了不影响孩子的学习,往往主动遮挡、规避孩子们应该自己面对的问题。因而学生从小到大很少有自己去应对困境的机会,一旦稍遇挫折,就不知道该怎么面对,久而久之便有可能成为一个死结。他觉得自己的努力和家人、老师、朋友为他付出的一切都毫无意义。这一方面反映出现在的青少年在人生观、价值观上对生命的淡漠,同时也表明我们关于怎样善待生命的教育的缺失。
大学生自杀的事件令人痛心、惋惜。我们应当怎样避免这类悲剧的发生呢
解决这个问题,需要多方面的共同努力。首先是家庭教育。一个人的生活初期,如幼儿时期、中小学时期主要是在家里。在这个阶段一定要让他们经受一些挫折,接受一点批评。要给他们面对和克服困难的教育,不仅要让他们看到困难,而且要让他们看到别人是怎么一步一步走过艰难困苦的,这些工作必须做。
其次,学校要建立比较完善的心理教育体系,并与家庭密切配合,有针对性地对学生心理危机进行分析、干预,从而达到预警的效果。党团组织、班级和学生干部的作用也很重要。及早发现问题,做好工作,可以有效地避免悲剧的发生。
分析那些自杀的案例就可以发现,他们的社会支持系统一般都有欠缺。社会支持系统包括家庭、朋友和所处的周围环境。一个社会支持系统良好的人,遇到困境时就会有途径得到化解。
大学生的心理问题是一个积累的反映,所以心理教育应该从小抓起。在中小学阶段,适时传授心理健康知识,加强关于善待生命、热爱生活的教育,鼓励、培养、训练在班集体中、同辈之间建立良好的人际关系,是非常必要的。
大学生心理教育的宗旨是提升全体学生的心理素质,优化学生的人格。在具体实践中要有针对性地做工作,特别关注一些主要矛盾点和主要问题的多发点,如恋爱婚姻、学业发展、工作就业等问题。教育工作者可通过课程、研讨、讲座、训练、咨询等多种形式使大学生在认知上认同身心发展规律,同时学会客观、相对的自我评价,培养坚忍的个性品质,在顺境中清醒,在低谷时捉住,踏踏实实向前走。
高校应逐步完善两个方面的工作:其一,建立专业化队伍,强化心理咨询功能。心理咨询是一项专业性很强的工作,没受过专业训练的人容易在引导方法上产生偏差,因此建立一支合格的高校心理咨询队伍时不我待。其二,心理教育课程化、多渠道开展。在大学阶段绝大多数学生碰到的只是些寻常心理问题,对寻常的心理问题走预防之路远胜过“亡羊补牢”。学校应根据学生的心理健康状况,有针对性地开设相关的课程,同时,通过校刊、校广播站、校园网等载体,大力普及心理健康知识,使大学生学会自我心理调适,消除心理困惑,提高承受和应对挫折的能力。

不定项选择
阅读理解

With the growth of the European Union and increased globalisation, English is increasingly the lingua franc a(通用语) in European businesses, and those who speak it have become the elite (精英)of the workforce.

In the past, only a few specialists in a company were needed to communicate with foreign businesses.However, in these days of multinational companies, where workers are required to communicate with other employees from several countries, a common language is essential and English has become the logical choice.

Nowadays, even blue-collar workers in many companies are required to speak English.For example, just over three years ago, a Dutch company.United Pan-European Communications (UPC), was contracted to build a TV studio in Amsterdam.The job involved many electricians—more than the company could find in the Netherlands.There were plenty of qualified electricians in nearby France and Belgium, but the American and Dutch executives of UPC wanted everyone on the job to speak and understand the same language.So, the UPC hired British electricians and flew them to Amsterdam every Monday, accommodating them in hotels all over the city, and flying them home on Friday evenings.

Increasingly, workers who can speak English earn salaries 25-35% higher than those who can' t.They are also eligible (有条件被选中的) for a wider range of high-level jobs.

The problem is that, while the ability to speak English is fast becoming essential for getting a good job, there is a shortage of people who can speak it.According to a recent European Commission report, only about 41% of continental Europeans can speak English, and only 29% speak it well enough to carry on a conversation.Many companies are solving this problem by setting up English language schools within the workplace.English language schools all over Europe are expanding at a huge rate, and governments are looking at ways to improve English tuition in schools.

One result of this modem urge to learn English is that a generation gap is appearing. According to a European Union study, 67% of Europeans between 15 and 24 say they can speak English while only 18% of those over 55 say they can.Increasingly, all over Europe, it is the children who are leading the parents.

小题1:In European companies, workers who speak English ________.

A.find it easy to carry on a conversation

B.have an advantage over other workers

C.must be white-collar workers

D.travel to many different countries小题2:Why did the UPC hire the British electricians?

A.There were not enough electricians in nearby France and Belgium.

B.British electricians were more qualified than those in the Netherlands.

C.The UPC wanted all the employees to speak English.

D.The UPC meant to show they were rich enough to accommodate and fly them.小题3:What can you learn from the passage about European people?

A.More young people can speak English well than older people.

B.67% Europeans can speak English very well.

C.18% of the people over 55 can't speak English.

D.Over half the people can speak English.