阅读下列图片材料:



请回答:
(1)根据材料,请结合史实简要说明近代以来中国主要面临着什么状况?
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(2)根据材料并结合所学知识,面对如此状况,中国有哪些阶层作出了反应?
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(3)从上述材料可以看出各阶层所作出的应对体现的共同主题是什么?
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(4)结合所学知识,指出中国各阶层的应对主张分别是什么?
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