问题 单项选择题

阅读短文,完成96—100题。
人们要找出自然的规律,不借助对称也很难。也许正是因为这样,自然才一次次地打破人们先前找到的对称。
这种现象在物理学中的表现很明显,大概是因为物理学是个很重视规律的科学吧。且不说完美的牛顿力学如何不能完好地解释自然,让我们看看粒子物理学中三个起支撑作用的对称:一个是正反粒子变换对称(简称C对称),一个是空间(镜像)反射变换对称(简称P对称),另一个是时间反演变换(把时间颠倒,将T变成—T)对称(简称T对称)。对称就是不变性,也叫守恒,这些守恒是粒子物理学的支柱。举个形象的例子,比如我们的两只手,把一只手放在镜子上,镜子里边的手就与我们另外一只手一样,这种经过镜像反射的现象叫宇称。这两只手的行为遵从同样的物理定律,就像两只手对拍与一只手对着镜子拍是一样,这就是宇称守恒。当你一只手对着镜子拍时,镜子里的手或者说你的另一只手却不跟着拍,宇称就不守恒了。没想到的是,自然界还真是这样的不听话。
首先打破的是P守恒,1956年,李政道和杨振宁在分析最轻的奇异粒子衰变遇到的“θ—τ疑难”的过程中,就遇到了这样的怪事。没办法只能改变思路,提出宇称(P)可能是不守恒的,在强相互作用和电磁相互作用下,P是守恒的,但在弱相互作用下未经过判定性检验。只有提出在弱相互作用过程中,宇称不守恒,才能解决“θ—τ疑难”。后来的实验果然证明宇称在弱相互作用下是不守恒的。为弥补这一缺陷(物理学家称之为破缺,比较形象,说明大网破开了一个角),又提出CP联合变换是守恒的,这样也能保证物理规律的不变性。
补起来的网自然有更多的弱点,不久,人们在K介子的衰变中发现了CP守恒的破坏迹象。为了进一步验证这一现象,人们不惜斥巨资建立了“B介子工厂”,据说B介子的行为可以更好地判定CP的守恒与否。几年的实验已经证明,CP确实不守恒,支柱有些动摇了。
我们知道,强作用、电弱作用、引力作用,这三种作用的基础都是建立在对称的理论上的。可是实验不断发现对称不守恒,对现代物理不断造成冲击,使得破缺越来越大。与其说修补破网,有时可能不如重新编织一张新网来得更省事,就看能不能找到另外的对称了。
由此看来,不对称是合理的,可能比对称更合乎自然。用句哲学上的话来说,对称是相对的,不对称是绝对的。不对称才让科学有事可做。
人们猜测,无论是物质与反物质的破缺,还是生物分子的均一性,可能都与CP的不守恒有某种关系。因此,寻找CP破坏的机理,也就成为现代物理研究的重要课题之一。

下列对“宇称守恒”这一概念的理解,不符合文意的一项是( )。

A.把手放在镜子上,镜子里的手就和我们的另外一只手一样,这种反射现象就是“宇称守恒”

B.用你一只手对着镜子拍,你的手和镜子里的手行为动作是一样的,这就叫“宇称守恒”

C.当我们用一只手拍镜子的时候,我们的这只手与镜子里的那只手在快慢、上下、强弱等方面表现得一样,这就是“宇称守恒”

D.用一只手去拍镜子,这只手与镜子里的手的行为遵从同样的物理定律,这就是“宇称守恒”

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 这种现象应是“宇称”。

单项选择题

Millennials (千禧一代) have a reputation for being pretty savvy (聪慧的) with technology and social media—not to mention their finances—¬but today’s young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit.
A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge. Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit—just over 40% of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures, for instance—but millennials have the dubious distinction (区别) of being even less-informed than other age groups.
Only around half of millennials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report, as compared to about three-quarters of older people surveyed.
They’re more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring, that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit (by and large, they can’t). And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt, declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit, only 6% got everything right when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score.
Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is: Only 18 percent knew that utility companies, cell phone carders, mortgage lenders and home insurers, landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer’s credit when doing business with them.
They’re also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit. Just 15% knew that a bad credit score could cost more than $5,000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan.
One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not they’ve actually gotten their free credit report (if you’re one of the many who haven’t, you can do so at annualcreditreport.com). Interestingly, people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores.
"Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores," CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement. "It’s so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores.\

Which of the following statement about credit report is TRUE

A. You can get a free copy of your credit report from the website.
B. People interested in credit report can’t be interested in credit scores.
C. People with credit reports have little knowledge of credit scores.
D. Getting the copy of credit report may discourage people to learn more about credit.

单项选择题