问题 单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答下 * * 道题。
汉字究竟起源于何时呢我认为,这可以以西安半坡村遗址距今的年代为指标。半坡遗址的年代,距今有6000年左右。我认为,这也就是汉字发展的历史。
半坡遗址是新石器时代仰韶文化的典型,以红质黑纹的彩陶为其特征。其后的龙山文化,则以薄质坚硬的黑陶为其特征。值得注意的是:半坡彩陶上每每有一些类似文字的简单刻画,和器物上的花纹判然不同。黑陶上也有这种刻画、但为数不多。该画的意义至今虽尚未阐明,但无疑是具有文字性质的符号,如花押或者族徽之类。我国后来的器物上,无论是陶器、铜器或者其他成品,有“物勒工名”的传统,特别是殷代的青铜上有一些表示族徽的刻画文字,和这些符号极为相类似。由后以例前,也就如由黄河下游以溯源于星宿海,彩陶上的那些刻画符号,可以肯定地说就是中国文字的起源,或者中国原始文字的孑遗。
同样值得注意的,是彩陶上的花纹。结构虽然简单,而笔触颇为精巧,具有引人的魅力。其中有些绘画,如人形、人面形、人着长衫形、鱼形、首形、鸟形、草木形、轮形(或以为太阳)等等,画得颇为得心应手,看来显然在使用柔软形的笔了。有人以为这些绘画是当时的象形文字,其说不可靠。当时是应该有象形文字的,但这些图形,就其部位而言,确是花纹,而不是文字。
在陶器上既有类似文字的刻画,又有使用着颜料和柔软形的笔所绘画的花纹,不可能否认在别的质地上,如竹木之类,已经在用笔来书写初步的文字:只是这种质地是容易毁灭的,在今天很难有实物保留下来。如果在某种情况之下,幸运的还有万一的保留,那就有待于考古工作的进一步发掘和幸运地发现了。
总之,在我看来,彩陶和黑陶上的刻画符号应该是汉字的原始阶段。创造它们的是劳动人民,形式是草率急就的。
(节选自郭沫若《古代文字之辩证的发展》)

下列说法,符合作者意思的一项是( )。

A.汉字已有6000年的历史。

B.龙山黑陶上的刻画是文字符号。

C.仰韶彩陶上刻画的符号慢我国文字的起源,或者是我国原始文字的孑遗。

D.彩陶上的绘画是当时的象形文字。

答案

参考答案:C

解析: A原文说半坡遗址“距今有6000年左右”,因此汉字的发展史也应该是6000年“左右”。B项太过绝对化,与原文黑陶上的刻画是具有“文字性质的符号”说法不一致。C项正确,见第二段段末最后一句。D项是作者否定的有的人的观点。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
填空题

Bush’s MBA


Twenty-six of 42 presidents, including Bill Clinton, were lawyers. Seven were generals. George W. Bush becomes the first with an MBA.
Those who have had Bush for a boss since the mid-1980s—in the (1) of oil, baseball and Texas state government—describe his management (2) as straight from the pages of the organizational-behavior (3) he studied while getting his masters of business administration (4) at Harvard University in 1975.
He manages by what is known (5) "walking around," having learned that sitting behind a desk and passing out memos does (6) to energize anyone.
He has a reputation for fueling "creative tension" (7) his subordinates, encouraging them to take and defend opposing (8) . That sacrifices harmony, but puts ideas to the test and lets Bush (9) above the fray, where he can offer guidance instead of barking (10) . Imagine the creative tension that may erupt (11) the likes of Secretary of State-designate Colin Powell and Defense Secretary— (12) Donald Rumsfeld.
Above all, former employees say that he is a master at delegating (13) installing measures of accountability—ways of knowing (14) subordinates are getting the job done without looking (15) any shoulders. That frees Bush for strategic thinking—perhaps (16) two words hammered into MBA students most—which means thinking (17) to seize opportunities and to derail threats to the best of plans.
"George was my (18) ," says Tom Schieffer, who served as president of the Texas Rangers under Bush (19) 1991 and 1995. "But he never made me feel that way. He went out of his way to treat me as a (20) , not a subordinate."
That’s one trait that might be of concern, says Michael Useem, director of the Wharton Center for Leadership and Change at the University of Pennsylvania. It’s important for subordinates to feel part of the team, but not just because the boss craves popularity. Just as in the military, it must be understood who is in charge when the final order is given.