问题 材料题

  阅读下列图片及材料,结合所学知识,回答问题。

  材料一 隋朝消灭了其前人的过时的和无效率的制度,创造了一个中央集权帝国的结构……人们在研究其后的伟大的中华帝国的结构和生活的任何方面时,不能不在各个方面看到隋朝的成就,它的成就肯定是中国历史中最引人注目的成就之一。                             一一《剑桥中国隋唐史》

(1)隋文帝杨坚统治时期,被后世所称颂为“开皇之治”。请结合漫画和所学知识,说说隋文帝是如何“创造了一个中央集权帝国的结构”。 

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  材料二 唐太宗评价隋文帝杨坚曰:文帝不明而喜察;不明则照有不通,喜察则多疑于物,事皆自决,不任群臣。天下至广,一日万机,虽复劳神苦形,岂能一一中理!群臣既知主意,唯取决受成,虽有衍违,莫敢谏争,此所以二世而亡也。朕则不然。择天下贤才,置之百官,使思天下之事,关由宰相,审熟便安,然后奏闻。有功则赏,有罪则刑,谁敢不竭心力以修职业,何忧天下之不治乎!”   

(2)你是否同意唐太宗的评价?请依据材料和所学知识阐述理由。并说说唐太宗是如何实现他的意图的。

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  材料三

(清代前期顺治、康熙、雍正三朝,户口统计只重男丁,对“未成丁”或“男女幼丁”等人口不作统计。)

(3)请分析导致清代人口发生变化的政策原因有哪些?

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答案

(1)隋文帝完成统一大业后,加强中央集权,开创三省六部制,科举制度,府兵制,沿用均田制,对以后王朝影响深远。

(2)不同意,杨坚开创三省六部制,目的就是减少君主决策失误。(或同意,隋文帝独断专行,不信任臣下;群臣也不敢谏诤)唐太宗吸取隋亡教训,制度上沿用隋制;任用贤臣,善于纳谏,有利于笼络大批有才能之士,开创了“贞观之治”的局面。

(3)清朝政府在经济政策方面作出了调整:“更名田”、“滋生人丁,永不加赋”(“摊丁入亩”(地丁银)等,废除人头税,隐蔽人口现象减少。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with p support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles. People with p social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of______.

A. informational support

B. instrumental support
C. social companionship

D. the strengthening of self-respect