问题 问答题

庆元党禁

答案

参考答案:

解析:庆元党禁为南宋宁宗庆元年间韩侂胄打击政敌的政治事件。绍熙末,宋宁宗由赵汝愚和韩人弃我侂胄拥立为帝。赵汝愚、韩侂胄二人不合。赵汝愚为相,收揽名士。韩侂胄图谋排斥赵汝愚。庆元元年(1195),赵汝愚罢相,出知福州。反对赵汝愚罢官的人都陆续被放逐。庆元二年,赵汝愚死。韩侂胄当政,凡和他意见不合的都称为道学之人,后又斥道学为伪学。庆元三年,将赵汝愚、朱熹一派及其同情者定为“逆党”,开列“伪学逆党”党籍,凡五十九人,名列党籍者受到程度不等的处罚,凡与他们有关系的,也都不许担任官职或参加科举考试。史称“庆元党禁”。 三、材料分析题 (1)特点:寓兵于农,兵农合一,府兵平时务农,战时出征;将帅临时委派,平时不能掌握军队。 (2)表明唐的府兵制被募兵制取代。主要原因:土地兼并,均田制被破坏,府兵制失去经济基础。影响:导致割据局面的形成。 (3)继承了唐后期的募兵制度。但改变了唐后期兵将结合的方式,实行兵将分离。影响:防止兵变和军事割据,加强中央集权。造成军队战斗力低下的“积弱”现象。 (4)由兵将分离再到兵将结合, 原因:北宋“冗兵”现象的日益加重,在对北方各部族 * * 的战争中,兵将分离的弊端明显暴露。王安石变法要求富国强兵以提高军队的战斗力。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Does reading really matter?

     Some people say that today, reading is not as important as it was. These days we have photographs,

films, radio and television. Why read a description of something when you can look at a photograph? Why read a newspaper when the latest news is brought to us every hour on radio and TV?

     Photography was certainly a wonderful invention. Photographs can give a very clear idea of places and of people that we have never seen. An encyclopedia (百科全书) , for example, is always better when

it has good illustrations. But we also need words to explain the photographs and drawings. A photograph

of an elephant may give us a very good idea of what an elephant looks like, but it tells us nothing about the different sorts of elephants there are and where they are found, their exact size and weight, how they can

be useful to man and so on.

     In the same way, a good film has action, movement, color, and maybe music. These are things we do

not find on the printed page. But reading a novel has certain advantages over watching even an excellent

feature film. Reading a novel requires imagination. Each of us imagines a story differently.

     Watching news on television can certainly be exciting.But we need newspapers as well.Some important news stories happen when there are no cameras around. More importantly, a newspaper does not just

report the news. It explains why something has been happening. It also contains interesting articles on

different subjects. Newspapers are an important part of our lives, if we want to understand what is going

on in the places we live as well as in other parts of the world.

     Reading is very important for information and pleasure. We need to be good readers to enjoy a full life as human beings. Reading is a skill and like other skills, it needs practice. The more we read, the better

readers we become. And the better readers we become, the more we enjoy reading! The secret is to get

the reading habit. Read at least a little every day.

1. What does the author think photographs can give us?

A. Enough information about people and places.

B. No information about things.

C. Some information about things but not enough.

D. The wrong information about things.

2. What does the author think newspapers can give us?

A. More information than television.

B. Less information than television.

C. More news from other countries.

D. Less information about important events than TV.

3. What does the "illustrations" mean?

A. Inventions.

B. Pictures

C. Words.

D. Ideas

4. What are the advantages of novel over a feature film?

A. There are more interesting subjects in novels.

B. We do not hear any music in a novel.

C. Novels always explain what is happening.

D. Novels make us use our imagination.

5. What does the author think about reading?

A. It is a wonderful invention.

B. It is an important part of our lives.

C. It requires no practices.

D. It is not as important as television.

单项选择题