Christine Dobbs is watching a public affairs television program on which one of the participants makes the following Statements: Statement 1: A common resource is an obstacle to the efficient allocation of resources unless it generates external benefits. Statement 2: The idea of utilitarianism suggests that market allocation of resources does not maximize the value of an economy to all individuals. However, achieving the results that utilitarianism regards as optimal involves a loss of economic output. Should Dobbs agree or disagree with these statements Statement 1Statement 2（） ①A. Disagree Agree ②B. Agree Agree ③C. Agree Disagree
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
参考答案：A
解析：
Common resources and external benefits both represent obstacles to the efficient allocation of resources. Common resources tend to be overused and external benefits suggest that less than the efficient quantity is produced. Utilitarianism is the idea that fairness means all individuals own the same amount of resources. To bring about such an outcome would require transferring wealth from high income earners to low income earners. This would result in high income earners working less, so the economy would produce less wealth overall. The time and effort required to transfer the wealth would also divert resources from productive uses.