问题 材料题

南宋郑樵曾在《通志》中说:“置图于右,置书于左,索象于图,索理于书。”相关的历史图示、图片,往往是学习历史时不可或缺的工具。阅读下列关于中国古代政治制度的图片和图示材料,回答问题:

图一  秦朝中央机构
图二 唐朝中央机构
图三  明朝中央机构
图四  清朝军机处外景

(1)根据所学知识,写出图一、二中字母所代表的历史含义。__________________________________________________________________________(2)图三揭示了明朝中央集权制度怎样的变化?__________________________________________________________________________(3)从图一到图四,说明中国古代政治制度演变的趋势是什么?__________________________________________________________________________(4)基于上述解决问题的过程,分别概括历史图片和图示在学习、探究历史中的作用。

__________________________________________________________________________

答案

(1)丞相;御史大夫;尚书省;中书省。    

(2)废除丞相,六部直属于皇帝。    

(3)专制皇权不断加强趋势。    

(4)图片:创设历史情景;再现历史;体验历史。图示:理清线索,构建知识结构;形象、直观地展示历史知识。

解答题
阅读理解

   Matt grow the best vegetables in the village . He grows fruit too--big , sweet apples and oranges . And what else ? Well , the biggest and the prettiest flowers . Things grow in Matt' s garden all through the year . He cuts some flowers for his sitting room table ; and of course , he eats some fruit and vegetables . But he sells everything else in the market . Matt is not a poor man .

He knows a few other gardens ; but he does not have any friends . You might ask , " What is that ? Why doesn ' t he have friends ? "

I will tell you . People do not understand him . And they do not understand his garden , " Why not ? " you will ask . " It' s a very good garden , isn' t  it ? "

It is a wonderful garden . Matt plants things in spring , summer and autumn and winter . After that he does very little work . He sits in the garden with his small radio . And everything grows .

People ask , " How does Matt grow these wonderful things ? He waters the plants sometimes , but he doesn' t do anything else . He just sits under an orange tree  with his radio . He listens to music nearly all day ! " And that is all quite true , people cannot understand it , and so they don' t like it very much .

Matt likes music . But what about the garden ? Who does the work ? I will tell you another true thing : the music does the work . All plants love music ; and Matt knows that .

Do you want big vegetables and the loveliest flowers ? Well , just give your plants a  lot of  music ,

66.There are not only vegetables and flowers , but also ______ in Matt' s garden .

A. plants   B. fruit trees     C. ants       D. crops

67.Matt makes a living by _______.

A. selling his vegetables , fruit and flowers

B. growing trees in his garden

C. working in the market

D. helping other people growing plants

68.. Everything in Matt' s garden grows well because _____

A. he has a good garden

B. he is good at growing things and likes listening to the radio

C. music helps his plants a lot

D. he is very hardworking

69. People think that ______ .

A. Matt' s garden is better than theirs

B. Matt works harder than they

C. Matt knows how to grow vegetables well

D. the radio helps Matt to grow veveything well in his garden

70. People don' t like Matt because ____.

A. he doesn' t give thim any vegetables or fruit

B. he listens to the radio too much

C. they are jealous(嫉妒的) of him

D. Matt doesn' t let them listen to his radio