问题 综合题

阅读以下材料,回答问题。

材料一 神宗熙宁元年……执政以河朔早伤,国用不足,乞南郊勿赐金串。……王安石曰"……国用不足者,以未得善理财者故也。" (司马)光曰"善理财者,不过头会箕敛耳! "安石曰"不然。善理财者,民不加赋而国用足。"一一《宋史》

材料二 中书奏"……遇有客人物货出卖不行愿卖入官者,许至务中投卖,勾行、牙人与客人平其价。据行人所要物数,先支官钱买之……以抵当物力多少,许令均分除请,相度立一限或两限送纳价钱,若半年纳即出息一分,一年纳即出息二分。"一一《续资治通鉴长编》

材料三 "及神宗朝,荆公(指王安石)秉政……后人但言其……诸法为百姓害。而不知其移人心,变士心为朝廷之害,其害于百姓者,可以一日而史。而其害于朝廷者历数十百年,滔滔之势一往而不反矣。" 一一《日知录·宋世风俗》

(1)材料一中王安石对于"国用不足"的分析是否准确",民不加赋而国用足"在当时能否实现?

(2)材料二反映了王安石变法的什么措施,该措施主要是针对什么现象实施的,效果如何?

(3)材料三对于王安石变法的基本态度是什么,你是如何认识王安石变法的?

答案

(1)不正确,国用不足是因为北宋政府机构重 叠,官员冗滥,财政开支较大;北宋还要向西夏、辽赔付大量的战争岁币。在当时不可能实现"民不加赋而国用足", 因为在封建社会国家和地主的财富建立在对农民剥削的基础 上。

(2)市易法。它主要针对大商人囤积居奇,操纵市场。它的实施限制了大商人对市场的控制,有利于稳定物价 和商品交流。国家收入也有所增加。

(3 )材料三认为王安石变法给国家带来了严重危害。认识:王安石变法是在北宋中期阶级矛盾和民族矛盾非常尖锐 的情况下进行的,王安石是我国古代杰出的政治家、改革家。 当然王安石变法中也存在用人不当等问题。

本题主要考查学生对王安石变法相关内容的掌 握,从而培养学生形成正确的历史观。第一问学生在回答时应注意王安石和司马尤争论的核心在于人才的作用,而能否实现应从皇帝、地主、农民三者在封建社会中的关系来思考;材料二 反映的主要是政府平抑物价的举措,结合变法内容可判断应是市易法;最后一问学生在回答时不能被引文所迷惑,不要错误地认为只要是明清时期启蒙思想家的观点就是正确的,应立足于变法的意义。

填空题
阅读理解

You have a nice salary, but you still feel short of money. At the end of each month, you often ask yourself, “Where has all my money gone”? To help you better run your salary, here come some money-saving tips.

First, you need to set goals to encourage yourself to save money. For example, you plan to have a good dress in one year, to have a car in two years’ time or to buy a house in five years.

Second, form money-saving habits and stay away from the ones that waste money. Learn to keep a diary of how much you spend and what it’s for. Think twice before using money on expensive skin care products(护肤品). The best way to keep your skin in good condition is enough sleep.

Third, pay attention to your daily things. Leave no more than one light on when you leave home. Buy vegetables from a market where vegetables are less expensive and fresher, not a supermarket. When going to a supermarket, take a notebook with you. Write down what you want to buy.

Fourth, save your social life. Take the dishes that haven’t been eaten up away for next day when you have dinner in a restaurant. When it’s your turn to offer a meal, invite your friends to your home, and cook the dinner yourself. If you are to attend a party and an expensive present is needed, ask several friends to go together to share a present.

小题1:The passage is mainly about          .

A.four ways to save money

B.how to set goals to save money

C.where to keep money

D.how to live well with little money小题2:Which of the following does the author favor?

A.Have some good skin care products.

B.Enough sleep does good to skin.

C.All things in supermarkets are expensive.

D.Vegetables in a market taste good.小题3:If you want to save money, you should           .

A.have dinner in a restaurant

B.buy dishes in a restaurant and eat at home

C.invite friends home and cook yourself

D.attend a party alone小题4:Which of the following is NOT suggested by the author?

A.Making a plan saving money.

B.Forming habits of saving money.

C.Cutting down the prices when buying things.

D.Leaving few lights on when you leave home.