阅读理解。
Each year Ben is glad when school is closed on Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Ben knows that this day
honors an important man, but Ben does not feel connected to him. However, the small-world theory (理论)
connects Ben to Dr. King. Ben's mom (0) has a close friend, Amy (1). Amy's uncle, Mark (2), once met and
spoke to John Carter (3), the son of President Jimmy Carter (4). Jimmy Carter knew Dr. King (5). In a way,
Ben is only "five people a-way" from Martin Luther King Jr.
The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of
people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates
a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zero degrees of separation between a person
and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom.
There is one degree of separation when just one person separates someone from a person he or she does not
know. Ben knows his mom, but he hasn't met her close friend Amy. Therefore, Ben is one degree away from
Amy. As the chain continues. Amy's uncle, Mark, is two degrees. John Carter is three degrees, and his father
is four degrees. Dr. King is five degrees away from Ben. The theory says that there are no more than six
degrees of separation between any two people in the world.
The small-world theory has a lot to do with math. The theory assumes (假定) that each per-son knows
100 people. Each one of those 100 people knows 50 different people. Each of those 50 people knows another
50 people, and so on. When someone continues the calculation' to six degrees, it is like this: 100 × 50 × 50 ×
50 × 50 × 50 = 31.25 × 109. This number is greater than 31 billion (a billion=a thousand million). There are
over 6 billion people in the world. These numbers show it is possible that six degrees of separation could
include everyone in the world.
Does the small-world theory work? No one has ever proved it. Maybe the theory just invites people to
think a little more about their places in the world.
1. Ben is two degrees away from ______.
A. Jimmy Carter
B. John Carter
C. Amy
D. Mark
2. What is the meaning of "degrees of separation" in Paragraph 2?
A. The chain to connect people.
B. The relations between people.
C. The steps of knowing strangers.
D.The separation between strangers.
3. What is the small-world theory mainly about?
A. How far Ben is away from Dr. King.
B. How many people one can get to know.
C. How people are connected in the world.
D. How the degrees of separation are set up.
4. We can learn from the article that ______.
A. the small-world theory works
B. more research is needed to prove the theory
C. six degrees are needed to know the strangers
D. the writer's purpose is to help people find out their places
