问题 问答题

案情:刘某和贾某合谋绑架某个体户之子李某(4岁),并准备向其家人勒索赎金40万元。2008年1月3日,二人将李某骗出之后用绳索捆住双手,并强行将其带到郊区一座荒弃的房子里头。二人欲打电话给李某父母进行勒索,但遍寻不见公共电话亭,又怕用手机打会
暴露自己身份,于是刘某打电话给朋友王某,并告诉他自己已经绑架了李某,让王某用公共电话进行勒索,但并未提及贾某的名字。王某依照刘某的吩咐打电话给李某家,要求李某的父母将40万元赎金送到指定地点。与此同时,贾某见李某一直哭闹不止,心生怜悯,便提议刘某将李某放掉。刘某不同意,还大声辱骂贾某。贾某一气之下单独离开。后李某家人将赎金依照王某的指示送到了指定地点,但王某拿到赎金后却想自己独享,于是携款潜逃。刘某没有收到赎金,便一直没有将李某放回去。由于天气寒冷,荒郊房屋简陋,不能挡风,致使李某于当天夜间被冻死。刘某潜逃。
根据以上案情,请回答以下问题:

对于刘某、贾某和王某进行处罚时,应当注意什么

答案

参考答案:对刘某、贾某和王某进行处罚时,必须注意以下几点:首先,刘某的绑架行为最终致使被绑架人死亡,依照刑法中绑架罪的相关规定,已经构成了绑架罪的结果加重犯,所以应在加重构成对应的法定刑限度以内量刑。而刑法为这种加重构成配置的是绝对死刑,即对刘某只能判处死刑,并处没收财产。这里的死刑包括死刑立即执行和死刑缓期两年执行。同时,根据刑法的有关规定,对于刘某还应当附加剥夺政治权利终身。
其次,贾某尽管实现了共同犯罪关系的脱离,不用对李某的死亡承担责任,但是必须注意的是,贾某的行为并不能构成犯罪中止。依照刑法规定,犯罪中止要求行为人自动放弃犯罪或者自动有效防止犯罪结果发生,因此,共同犯罪中的犯罪中止就要求行为人不仅自己放弃犯罪,而且还要有效的防止其他共同犯罪人造成特定的犯罪结果。所以贾某的行为只能构成共同犯罪关系的脱离,而不能构成共同犯罪的中止。故对于贾某,应在绑架罪基本犯罪构成对应的法定刑限度内量刑。从案情中可以发现贾某有悔过的表现,这可以作为酌定的从轻量刑情节。
最后,王某应当对李某的死亡结果负责,但并不能依此判定王某必须被判处绝对死刑。因为绑架罪被规定在侵害人身类罪之中,可见绑架罪的核心特征还是对被绑架人人身的侵犯。而对于本案,在绑架罪的共同犯罪之中,王某作为后加入者,对于绑架李某的行为没有作出贡献,而只是负责在此基础上勒索财物,由此可见王某在共同犯罪中处于从犯的地位。依照相关法律规定,对于从犯应当从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。

解析:[考点] 共同犯罪的中止;共同犯罪关系的脱离;共同犯罪的成立要件;绑架罪的定罪量刑
[思路及解析]
本题涉及到很多知识点:共同犯罪的中止、共同犯罪关系的脱离、共同犯罪的成立要件、共同犯罪人的种类及其刑事责任以及绑架罪相关的刑法规定等等。解答此类题目的关键在于洞悉各个问题背后隐藏的知识点,只有这样才能有的放矢。另外,刑法学界对于共同犯罪的诸多问题都没有形成一致的意见,但这并不影响司法考试对这些考点进行反复的考查。考生在考前应当熟练掌握某些重要学者对各争议问题的看法以及刑法理论的主流观点,在考试过程中要切忌模棱两可,摇摆不定。因为无论是卷面还是时间都是非常有限的,若想将争议的观点分别阐明,工程实在太大。所以比较可行的办法是坚持一种学说(最好是主流学说),前后一致的回答提出的问题。

阅读理解

The prestigious (久负盛名) Peking University and Tsinghua University held graduation ceremonies on the same day this year. The presidents of the two universities delivered excellent speeches at the ceremonies as they used words, phrases or ways of expression that are very popular on the Internet currently. At the same time, graduation speeches by other university presidents were also under the spotlight for the same reason. Their speeches were warmly welcomed by students as they contained many fashionable words today, such as "floating clouds" ( meaning "too small and of little importance to mention") and "gelivable" (meaning " very helpful") . In the speeches , these university presidents recalled campus life together with students and finally moved all the audiences. They were very different from the usual run of lectures.

Many university presidents have changed their regular manner of addressing graduation ceremonies from an advising and preaching (说教) mode to a more fashionable and funny approach. They try to use those words popular among young people in their speeches.

In the past, university presidents' speeches were criticized for being too standard and lacking sentiment. Now , they quote fashionable words in their addresses, reflecting they are starting to adopt more everyday attitudes to students. The use of these new expressions has triggered a heated discussion. It focuses on the question of whether university presidents should speak in an informal way at graduation ceremonies.

Supporters agree with the new approach. They consider it good to build close ties with students by using the youth's own words. Opponents argue the new ways have no practical value or significance for education but are merely to please those leaving university.

小题1:What would be the best title for this passage?

A.Should University Heads Use Terms of Youth

B.Must University Presidents Learn to Please Students

C.Must University Presidents Meet Students' Needs

D.Should University Heads Use Newly-created Words小题2:What can we infer from the passage?

A.University presidents consider it good to build close ties with students.

B.More and more students are eager to make speeches in public.

C.The new ways of making speeches are popular with the young.

D.University presidents have special opinions about the world.小题3:What dose the underlined word "triggered " in Paragraph 3 probably mean ?

A.Break off

B.Set off

C.Sum up

D.Focus on小题4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Many people are likely to be influenced by the Internet.

B.The writer thinks it necessary for us to follow the traditional customs.

C.More and more words are changing with the development of technology.

D.People argue about whether to use fashionable words on formal occasions.

单项选择题