问题 单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答文后问题。
《正气歌》云:“时穷节乃见。”其实,在平凡的生活里又何尝不显现出精神的分野。
就拿做诗来说,同为咏“寒食”,苏东坡诗云:“梨花淡白柳叶青,柳絮飞时花满城。惆怅东栏一株雪,人生看得几清明”
贾似道诗云:“寒食家家插柳枝,留春春亦不多时,人生有酒须当醉,青冢儿孙几个知”
苏诗抒发的是时光易逝壮志未酬的感叹,贾诗吐露的则是时光易逝及时行乐的真情。贾诗不为不工,然而精神自贱,格调安得不卑
真正的精神重于九鼎,清于漱玉。在革命者的身上,躯壳可以委沟壑,精神却长留天地。读林觉民烈士《与妻书》,至今犹觉字字沉雄,句句殷红。
①他爱他的妻,然而“吾充吾爱汝之心,助天下人爱其所爱,所以敢先汝而死,不顾汝也”。舍家赴难的烈士当然也有个人的得失,但不忘“以天下人为念”,使“有无”、“得失”的价值观发生了逆转,其境界之高,难与俗人道也。
②方志敏在《清贫》中写了被俘的情景,敌士兵用手榴弹威胁他拿出钱来:
“你骗谁,像你当大官的人会没有钱!”这就是他们的逻辑。
③但是方志敏却使他们失望了。他说到自己的“财产”,几套旧褂裤,几双线袜,且已交与妻子放在深山坞里保藏着。对此,他不无骄傲地“自嘲”,“但我说出那几件传世宝,岂不要叫那些富翁们齿冷三天!”
今天,江山已改,远非“越穷越光荣”的时代可比,然而在社会主义现代化的建设中,人的精神仍然面临着新的考验。有人把 * * 主义精神当作束缚自我的锁链,或者把利己主义的招牌公然挂在门楣上,或者偷偷地违法乱纪,贪污受贿,任灵魂锈蚀、腐烂。
这一部分现代文阅读的材料在节选时略有改动。节选的这一段文字,重点谈的是人的“精神”问题,革命者的“精神”重于九鼎,长留天地;无论是过去,还是今天,人的“精神”都面临着考验。
对文中提到的诗文及作者,在此作些简要的介绍。
《正气歌》:五言古诗,南宋文天祥作于至元十八年(1281),当时文天样被囚于元大都(今北京),幽暗潮湿的土室已两年,经受了严酷的牢狱生活的考验,也拒绝了元人多方的劝降,他认为支撑自己坚贞不屈的精神力量就是纵贯中华历史的浩然正气,于是写作了《正气歌》,诗中的“正气”表现的是一种精神力量,是中 * * 崇尚气节操守传统的集中体现。
“寒食”:中国传统节令之一,在清明前一或二日。传说春秋时晋国介之推辅佐晋公子重耳(晋文公)出亡归国后,隐于山中,重耳欲逼他出山,下令烧山,之推抱树而死,重耳为悼念之推,于是禁止在之推死日生火煮食,只能吃冷食。以后相沿成习,称为寒食。
苏东坡(1037—1101):名轼,字子瞻,东坡居士为其号,四川眉山人。学识渊博,多才多艺,与父苏洵、苏辙合称“三苏”,“唐宋八大家”之一。
贾似道(1213—1275):字师宪,台州人,因其姐为贵妃,故宫至左丞相,南宋时有名之 * * 相。
林觉民(1886—1911)
字意洞,号抖飞,又号天外生。福建闽侯(今福州)人。黄花冈七十二烈士之一。
《与妻书》:又称《绝笔书》,系林觉民烈士于起义前三天写给其夫人陈意映女士的,信中充满了牺牲一己,为争取全国同胞自由幸福的革命精神。
方志敏(1900—1935):中国无产阶级革命家,江西弋阳人。1923年加人中 * * 党,1935年1月因叛徒出卖而被捕,在狱中坚贞不屈,7月英勇就义,遗著有《可爱的中国》、《狱中纪实》等。

下列四句中没有表现“真正的精神重于九鼎,清于漱玉”的一句是:

A.寒食家家插柳枝

B.充爱汝之心助天下人

C.敢先汝而死,不顾汝也

D.藏“财产”于深山坞

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 要解答这道题,首先得对题干中引的话能真正理解。“九鼎”是比喻分量的重,“漱玉”是比喻质地的晶莹高洁,这句话是说菱者精神品质的高贵。 下面B、C两项是从林觉民烈士的《与妻书》中来的,“充”有扩充、扩大之意,这两项都表现了他为革命不惜牺牲一己的崇高品质。 D项,写方志敏烈士藏“财产”——几套旧褂裤,几双线袜——在深山坞中的事,也充分表现了他“清贫”的高风亮节,这三项都表现了革命者那种“重于九鼎,清于漱玉”长留天地的精神。 A项,是从贾似道诗中抽出来的一句,这句只是纯客观地描写了“寒食”节时家家门前插了柳枝的景象,同革命者的精神没有任何关系。所以说正确的选项应为A。

阅读理解

根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

                                                                What is a dream?

     For centuries, people have wondered about the strange places that they seem to visit in their sleep.

51._____ However, they have been valued as necessary to a person's health and happiness. Historically

people thought dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people

started to study dreams scientifically believing that they tell about a person's character. 2._____ He

believed that dreams allow a person to express fantasies or fears,which would be socially unacceptable

in real life.

     The second theory to become popular was Carl Jung's compensation theory. Jung, a former student

of Freud, said that the purpose of a dream is not to hide something, but rather to communicate it to the

dreamer. 3. _____ Thus, people who think too highly of themselves may dream about falling; those who

think too little of themselves dream of being heroes.

     Using more recent research, William Domhoff from the University of California found that dreaming

is a mental skill that needs time to develop in humans. 4._____ Until they reach age five, they can not

express very well what their dreams are about. Once people become adults, there is little or no change in

their dreams. The dreams of men and women differ. For instance, the characters that appear in the dreams

of men are often other men, and often involve physical aggression.

     The meaning of dreams continues to be difficult to understand. 5._____ If you dream that a loved one

is going to die, do not panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that your loved one is

going to die.

A. Dreams make up for what is lacking in waking life.

B. However, people should not take their dreams as reality.

C. They have been considered as meaningless nighttime journeys.

D. It gives scientists chances to understand human mind better.

E. Children do not dream as much as adults.

F. They think their mind is trying to tell them something.

G. First, there was Sigmund Freud's theory.

单项选择题