问题 单项选择题

内部局域网中,客户机通过代理服务器访问Internet的连接方式如图2-1所示,在Windows操作系统中, (69) 软件不能提供代理服务器功能。地址为 192.168.1.100的客户机配置“TCP/IP网络属性”时,其中“网关”的设置内容应是 (70) 。该客户机访问Internet时,经由代理服务器后数据包的源地址为 (71)

A.192.168.1.1

B.192.168.0.1

C.220.110.10.1

D.192.168.1.100

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

[分析]: 在Windows操作系统中,有很多专用软件都可以实现局域网上共享Internet连接,其中有代理服务器类,例如,WinGate、WinProxy和较新的ISA等;网关服务器类,例如,SyGate、WithGate等。而IIs则是一个可以支持HTTP、 FTP和SMTP等协议,实现Web、FTP等站点服务功能的软件。
在连入Internet时,所有客户机都要申请一个IP地址,但IP地址的划分已不能满足用户对连入Internet的需求期望,使用代理服务器就可以解决这一矛盾。首先将单位内部需要接入Internet的计算机连成一个局域网,然后通过代理服务器连入Internet,这样就可以使多台计算机共用一个Internet上的IP地址,即共用一个出口连入Internet,从而减少用户单位申请IP地址的费用。代理服务器上安装有两块网卡,其中一块接内部局域网,另一块接外部网络,此时代理服务器可以起到一个边界路由器的作用,因此IP地址为192.168.1.100的客户机网卡配置“TCP/IP网络属性”时,其“网关”应设置为192.168.0.1。
NAT(Network Address Translation,网络地址转换)是一个IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force,Internet工程任务组)标准,允许一个整体机构以一个公用IP地址出现在Internet上。通过这种方法,可以只申请一个合法IP地址,就把整个局域网中的计算机接入Internet中。这时,NAT屏蔽了内部网络,所有内部网计算机对于公共网络来说是不可见的,而内部网计算机用户通常不会意识到NAT的存在。这里提到的内部地址,是指在内部网络中分配给节点的私有IP地址,这个地址只能在内部网络中使用,不能被路由(一种网络技术,可以实现不同路径转发)。虽然内部地址可以随机挑选,但是通常使用的是下面的地址:10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255、172.16.0.0~172.16.255.255、192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255。NAT将这些无法在互联网上使用的保留IP地址翻译成可以在因特网上使用的合法IP地址。
因此,该客户机访问Internet时,经由代理服务器后,由NAT技术进行源地址的转换,转换后数据包的源地址为代理服务器外口的地址,即220.110.10.1。

阅读理解

There are some things humans can go without. We can lose a kidney or a lung, an arm or two and still live perfectly well. But some fish put us to shame. They can get by without stomachs.

One such fish is the stout longtom. The group it belongs to carries a more appropriate name: the needlefish. All needlefish lack stomachs. Their ancestors had them, but later they were lost.

The stout longtom can reach 1.3 meters in length, and lives near the sea surface. Like all needlefish, it can jump out of the water to escape its enemies. Tropical fishermen are sometimes injured by needlefish. In 1977, a 10-year-old Hawaiian boy was killed when a needlefish jumped through his brain. The longtom eats smaller fish. It teeth are not good at cutting fish into pieces, so it swallows fish whole.

Ryan Day from Australia and his colleagues wanted to know how the longtom digests its meaty meals without a stomach, so they ran some chemical tests about the fish.

Day’s results show that the longtom can consume food without the help of a stomach. It uses a special material called trypsin that can break down proteins without acid — although the approach is less efficient than using a stomach.

Because it’s a meat-eating animal, the longtom gets a lot of protein in its food, so it can afford this slightly less efficient system for absorbing it. Two plant-eating fish that Day studies actually had higher levels of trypsin in their body, as their food was low in protein.

Day thinks that the longtom and its stomachless relatives might actually have arrived at an energy-saving solution. He says that although the stomach is critical to many kinds of animal, the organ is “a fairly expensive organ to run”. This perhaps explains why some animals have got rid of theirs.

小题1:What does the underlined phrase “get by” mean?

A.Recover.

B.Fight.

C.Hunt.

D.Live.小题2:Ryan Day ran the chemical tests in order to find out how the longtom ______.

A.catches smaller fish in the water

B.digests the smaller fish in its body

C.can jump so high to escape its enemies

D.uses acid to break down the protein小题3:What plays a key role in the longtom’s digestion process?

A.Trypsin.

B.Acid

C.The stomach.

D.Protein in its body.小题4:Ryan Day’s results show that ______.

A.the longtom can make acid easily

B.the longtom often waste energy

C.the longtom’s high-protein food helps its unique way of consuming food.

D.meat –eating fish have higher levels of trypsin in their bodies than plant-eating fish

问答题 简答题