Ants first captured the attention of software engineers in the early 1990s. A single ant cannot do much on its own, but a group of ants (52) can solve complex problems. That inspired people like Marco Dorigo, who is one of the founders of a (53) known as group intelligence.

Ants are good at choosing the shortest possible route between a food (54) and their nest. This reminds us of a classic computational travelling-salesman problem. Given a list of cities and their (55) apart, the salesman must find the shortest route needed to visit each city once. As the number of cities (56) , the problem gets more complicated.Ants solve their own problem using chemical signals called pheromones (信息素), when an ant finds food, she takes it back to the nest, (57) a pheromone trail that will attract others. The more ants that (58) the trail, the per it becomes. (59) , the pheromones evaporate (挥发) quickly, so once all the food has been collected, the trail soon goes cold. This rapid evaporation means long trails are less (60) than short ones, all else being equal. Pheromones thus turn the (61) intelligence of the individual ants into something more powerful.

56().

A.changes 

B.holds 

C.grows 

D.decreases

测土配方施肥应遵循（）三条主要原则。

A、有机与无机相结合，大量、中量微量元素配合，用地与养地相结合

B、施肥方法不当，施肥结构不合理，施肥“三重三轻”现象严重

C、土壤测试数据，作物需肥规律，土壤供肥能力；

D、目标产量法，效应函数法，养分丰缺指标法。