问题 问答题

简述权变组织理论的思想。

答案

参考答案:

解析:权变组织理论是以系统理论和生态理论为基础的,主要研究组织与环境之间的关系和组织内部各分系统之间的相互关系。 主要观点如下: (1) 强调组织的多变量性,主张应具体地研究组织中各变量间的关系,以及组织和它所处的环境之间的关系。 (2) 认为既然每个组织的外部环境和内部各分系统都处在动态的变化之中,因而不存在普遍适用于所有环境的组织原则和管理方法。究竟采用哪种管理方式对完成组织目标最有效,要视组织所处的具体条件来确定,不能千篇一律。 (3) 权变组织理论致力于谋求组织与其环境之间及组织内部各分系统之间的动态的、具体的一致性。并认为只有通过组织设计和管理达到这种一致性,才能保证组织具有高效能、高效率。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A man and a woman had a son many years after they married. They had a happy family and the boy

was the apple of their eyes. When the boy was four years old, an accident happened. One night the father

was very tired after work, so he asked his wife to meet their son and take him home. The mother was very

busy in the kitchen, and she forgot about it.

     Later the boy lost his way in the street. When the mother found this, she went to look for him, but she

couldn't find him. Then she went to the police station to ask for help. She was very sad and didn't know

how to face her husband. After hearing the bad news, the father hurried to the police station. When he saw

his wife, he didn't blame (责备) her. Instead he said, "I love you, darling!"

     "If I had picked him up or found this earlier, this would not have happened," the father said to himself.

He thought there was no point in blaming anyone. His wife also lost her only child. What he could give her

was just understanding. Several weeks later, with the help of the police, they finally found their lost son.

From then on, they became closer than before.

     When something bad happens, people always spend lots of time blaming others instead of giving them

support. Try to learn to forgive (原谅), and then you will find the world is much more wonderful.

1. The father didn't pick the boy up that day because he was ________.

A. sick

B. tired

C. busy

2. The mother asked ________ for help when she couldn't find her son.

A. her husband

B. her neighbor

C. the police

3. The underlined sentence "the boy was the apple of their eyes" means ________.

A. the boy was loved deeply by his parents

B. the boy liked eating apples

C. the boy's face was round like an apple

4. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. The mother was angry with her husband.

B. The father thought his wife should be blamed.

C. The boy was safe and sent home by the police at last.

5. The passage mainly tells us that we should _________.

A. forgive and understand others

B. blame each other

C. take good care of children

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