问题 问答题

试述医院内感染的危险因素。

答案

参考答案:医院内感染的危险因素如下:①侵入性诊疗操作,破坏皮肤动膜屏障,如外科手术、各种穿刺、各种插(留置)导管、气管切开等;②现代医疗新技术,如器官移植、人工装置(人工瓣膜、人工关节、人工晶体等);③损伤免疫功能的各种细胞毒药物、免疫抑制药、放射治疗等的广泛使用,如抗肿瘤药、肾上腺皮质激素、环孢素、60Co治疗等;④基础疾病致宿主免疫功能低下,如糖尿病、肝硬化、慢性肾炎、艾滋病、恶性肿瘤等;⑤使用能引起正常微生态失衡的抗菌药物,破坏机体正常微生态屏障;⑥其他原因,如医院消毒灭菌存在缺陷、医疗场所过于简陋等。

阅读理解与欣赏
阅读理解

C

I’ve been told that in China,having a pet,particularly a dog,is often considered to be a status(地位)symbol because it shows the family can afford to have an animal.It’s very different here.

In Canada it’s common to have pets.Many people have dogs;many others have cats,fish,birds or rabbits.Some keep what we call exotic(奇异的)pets,although keeping exotic animals is difficult,and because it can also be hard on the animals, the keeping of some exotic animals is not allowed by law.Some people do it anyway.

I like animals.As far back as I can remember my family has always had cats.Our cats.of course,wanted to go outside and it seemed reasonable to let them wander the neighborhood finding birds to run after,trees to climb and sunny places to sleep.As we always lived in a city,however,there was a problem.I remember more than once losing a cat that was killed by a car and it was heartbreaking.

Now,my wife and I lived in a small town.We no longer have a house—we live in an apartment(公寓).We have a cat named Callie and she never goes out except onto the halcony(阳台)so cars are no longer a problem.She’s about sixteen years old and will probably live to be twenty or more.The trouble will come when she dies.We’ve had a pet for so long that it seems like a natural part of our lives and without a cat around the  room it will seem somehow empty.On the other hand,we’re getting older and,given that a cat can live about twenty years we wonder if we’ll ever have another after Callie goes.

Having a pet is very good for a number of reasons.It helps to teach children how to look after a living creature,makes them realize that animals have feelings just like we do and that, in many ways,we depend on each other.For older people like me an animal is a companion(伙伴)and a comfort to have around.A pet,properly treated, returns the favor by giving back unconditional love.Wouldn’t this world be a great place if people could learn how to do that !

64.The writer keeps a cat as a pet now because___________.

A.she feels lonely living in the countryside

B.it acts as her companion

C.her family is used to keeping a cat

D.it can helps her teach her children.

65.What will happen after the writer’s pet,Callie dies?

A.She will surely buy another one.     B.She won’t keep pets any longer.

C.She will remember it for a long time. D.Her room will be empty.

66.What should people do in keeping a pet according to the text?

A.Not allow it to go out of the room.   B.Catch birds for him to play with.

C.Let it wander outside as it likes.     D.Not live in the city.

67.What can be the best title for the passage?

A.How to keep a pet.               B.My pet,Callie.

C.Keeping Pets in Canada.           D.It’s the Animal in Me.