问题 问答题

火的发现和使用对人类生存和发展的重大意义。

答案

参考答案:在晚期猿人阶段,人类开始学会使用火。北京猿人的洞穴里留下了大量用火的遗迹。元谋猿人的发现地也发现了炭屑。这可能是世界上最早的用火遗迹。在欧洲旧石器时代的文化遗址中也有用火的证据。人类最早使用的是天然火,后来才发展到人工取火。火的发现和使用对人类生存和发展的重大意义,主要表现在:
首先,火的使用,使人们开始食用熟食,这样既使得食物种类范围扩大,又使得食物易于消化,减轻了人体消化负担,大大促进了人类体质的发展。
其次,火给人类以光明和温暖,使得人类的活动时间延长到日落之后,活动范围扩大到结冰线以北。
再次,火的使用改善了人类的居住条件。考古证明,腊玛古猿、南方古猿等都是露天宿地的,元谋猿人、北京猿人则因知道用火改为穴居。
最后,火还可以用于驱逐猛兽、保护人类和制造工具。
可见,人类对火的发现和使用开辟了历史的新纪元。恩格斯指出: “就世界性的解放作用而言,摩擦生火还是超过了蒸汽机,因为摩擦生火第一次使人类支配了一种自然力,从而最终把人同动物界分开。”

单项选择题
单项选择题

Washington, DC has traditionally been an unbalanced city when it comes to the life of the mind. It has great national monuments, from the Smithsonian museums to the Library of Congress. But day-to-day cultural life can be thin. It attracts some of the country’s best brains. But far too much of the city’s intellectual life is devoted to the minutiae of the political process. Dinner table conversation can all too easily turn to budget reconciliation or social security.

This is changing. On October 1st the Shakespeare Theatre Company opened a 775-seat new theatre in the heart of downtown. Sidney Harman hall not only provides a new stage for a theatre company that has hitherto had to make do with the 450-seat Lansburgh Theatre around the corner. It will also provide a platform for many smaller arts companies.

The fact that so many of these outfits are queuing up to perform is testimony to Washington’s cultural vitality. The recently-expanded Kennedy Centre is by some measures the busiest performing arts complex. But it still has a growing number of arts groups which are desperate for mid-sized space down- town. Michael Kahn, the theatre company’s artistic director, jokes that, despite Washington’s aversion (厌恶) to keeping secrets, it has made a pretty good job of keeping quiet about its artistic life. The Harman Centre should act as a whistle blower.

Washington still bows the knee to New York and Chicago when it comes to culture. But it has a good claim to be America’s intellectual capital. It has the greatest collection of think-tanks on the planet, and it regularly sucks in a giant share of the country’s best brains. Washington is second only to San Francisco for the proportion of residents twenty-five years and older with a bachelor’s degree or higher.

Washington’s intellectual life has been supercharged during the Bush years, despite the Decider’s aversion to ideas. September 11th, 2001, put questions of global strategy at the center of the national debate. Most of America’s intellectual centers are firmly in the grip of the left-liberal establishment. For all their talk of "diversity" American universities are allergic to a diversity of ideas. Washington is one of the few cities where conservatives regularly do battle with liberals. It is also the center of a fierce debate about the future direction of conservatism.

The danger for Washington is that this intellectual and cultural renaissance will leave the majority of the citizens untouched. The capital remains a city deeply divided between over-educated white itinerants and under- educated black locals. Still, the new Shakespeare theatre is part of job-generating downtown revival. Twenty years ago downtown was a desert of dilapidated(破旧的) buildings and bag people. Today it is bustling with life. If Washington is struggling to fix the world, at least it is making a reasonable job of fixing itself.

The underlined phrase" whistle blower" (Last line, Paragraph 3) probably means ()

A. a person who whistles to express cheerfulness

B. a person who is the first to break silence

C. a person who tells about certain secrets

D. a person who whistles to give warnings