问题 问答题

某技术改造项目拟引进国外设备,据调研,同类项目通常投资额为3000万元(人民币),年生产费用通常水平应为1200万元,基准收益率为10%,技术水平、质量水平可按一般水平为通常水平,现有三个方案可供选择:

A方案:引进设备(1)总费用为4000万元(人民币),年生产费用900万元(人民币),技术水平先进,质量水平高,经济寿命15年,人员培训费用高。

B方案;引进设备(Ⅱ)(FOB)价格为200万美元(1:8.3),重量500t,国际运费标准为400美元/t,海上运输保险费率为0.25%,银行财务费为0.5%,外贸手续费为1.5%,关税税率为20%,增值税税率为17%,车辆运杂费为2.5%,国内其他费用为394.129万元(人民币)。

年生产费用1200万元(人民币),技术水平、质量水平一般,经济寿命期10年,人员培训费用较低。

C方案:引进设备(Ⅲ)总费用2500万元(人民币),年生产费用1000万元(人民币),技术水平较先进,质量水平较高,经济寿命期12年,人员培训费一般。

各方案综合评分如表6-5所示。

表6-5 各方案综合评分表

1.计算B方案引进设备(Ⅱ)的总费用。

2.按照评分标准,给A、B、C三方案评分。

3.计算各方案的综合得分,做出方案选择。

4.根据最小费用原理,考虑资金时间价值,做出方案选择。

答案

参考答案:

1.B方案引进设备费用计算:

确定引进设备货价=200×8.3=1660(万元)

国际运费=400×500×8.3×10-4=166(万元)

国外运输保险费=(1660+166)×0.25%=4.565(万元)

进口关税=(1660+166+4.565)×20%=366.113(万元)

增值税=(1660+166+4.565+366.113)×17%=373.435(万元)

外贸手续费=(1660+166+4.565)×1.5%=27.458(万元)

银行财务费率=1660×0.5%=8.3(万元)

进口设备原价=1660+166+4.565+366.113+373.435+27.458+8.3=2605.871(万元)

总价=394.129+2605.871=3000(万元)

2.按照评分标准,给A、B、C三方案评分(见表6-13)。

表6-13 各方案综合评分表

3.分别计算各方案综合得分:

A方案得分=60×0.2+90×0.2+90×0.2+80×0.1+90×0.2+50×0.1=79(分)

B方案得分=70×0.2+70×0.2+60×0.2+60×0.1+50×0.2+80×0.1=64(分)

C方案得分=60×0.2+90×0.2+80×0.2+80×0.1+70×0.2+60×0.1=74(分)

由计算结果可知,A方案综合得分最高,因此应选择引进国外成套设备。

4.由于各方案经济寿命期不等,考虑资金的时间价值,选取费用年值AC为评标指标。

A方案费用年值:

ACA=4000 (A/P,10%,15)+900=4000×

+900

=1425.90(万元)

B方案费用年值:

ACB=3000 (A/P,10%,10)+1200=3000×

+1200

=1688.24(万元)

C方案费用年值:

ACC=2500 (A/P,10%,12)+1000-2500×

+1000

=1513.67(万元)

由计算结果可知,A方案的费用年值最低,因此应选择引进国外成套设备。

单项选择题

In the 1960s, the Pharmaceutical Company Sandoz marketed its tranquilizer Serentil with ads suggesting the drug be prescribed to "the newcomer in town who can’t make friends and the woman who can’t get along with her new daughter-in-law. The executive who can’t accept retirement." But the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stopped the ads. Drugs are supposed to treat illnesses, the agency said, not the changes of living.
Isn’t that an unusual idea The FDA was worried back then about an overmedicated society. Today 7% of Americans are on antidepressants (many more have tried them), and ads try to persuade people to buy drugs for problems like fatigue, loneliness and sadness. Still, drug companies aren’t the (sole) villain. Horwitz, dean of social and behavioral sciences at Rutgers, and Wakefield, an expert on mental-illness diagnosis at New York University, persuasively argue that many instances of normal sadness are now misdiagnosed as depressive disorder. They also point out that the capacity to feel sad is an evolutionarily selected trait that we might not want to drug away.
We’ve been living in an age of sadness for at lease two decades. But while it’s tempting to blame our culture — fear of terrorists, too much caffeine — there’s a more straightforward explanation for the boom in sadness. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association published a new definition of depression that was a radical departure from the old one, which had described "depressive neurosis" as "an excessive reaction of depression due to an internal conflict or to an identifiable event such as the loss of a love object." To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder today, you need have only five symptoms for two weeks, which can include depressed mood, weight gain, insomnia, fatigue and indecisiveness. The definition does make an exception for bereavement: if you recently lost a loved one, such symptoms are not considered disordered. But it doesn’t make exceptions for other things that make us sad — divorce or financial stress.
Still, is there anything wrong with medicating normal sadness if you don’t mind side effects Horwitz and Wakefield take no position on this. They point out that women giving birth take painkillers even though pain is a normal part of the process. But they also note that "loss responses are part of our biological heritage." Nonhuman primates separated from sexual partners or peers have physiological responses that correlate with sadness. Human infants express despair to evoke sympathy from others. These sadness responses suggest sorrow is genetic and that it is useful for attracting social support, protecting us from aggressors and teaching us that whatever prompted the sadness — say, getting fired because you were always late to work — is behavior to be avoided. This is a brutal economic approach to the mind, but it makes sense: we are sometimes meant to suffer emotional pain so that we will make better choices.

Why did the FDA stop the drug advertisements for Serentil

A.( The drug did not treat illnesses as it should

B.( The drug changed the people’s way of life

C.( The drug has possible serious side effects

D.( The drug was recommended to the wrong people

单项选择题