问题 实验题

(11分)右图为食物网简图,请回答:

(1)此图中的生产者是_______,该生态系统的最终能量来源是______________。

(2)此图中含有_____条食物链

(3)此图中最短的一条食物链可表示为__________________________________

(4)若要构成一个完整生态系统,此图应添加_____________和__________部分。

(5)该食物网中数量最多的生物是_________。若此生态系统受到重金属污染,那么体内积累重金属最多的生物是 __________。

(6)若该生态系统中的蛇被大量捕杀,则短时期内蜥蜴的数量会__________,因为蛇与蜥蜴属于_______关系。过段时间,生态系统又逐渐恢复原样,这是因为生态系统具有____________________。

答案

(1) 绿色植物 ,  光能 。        (2)3 。

(3)绿色植物→兔→鹰 。

(4)分解者 和 非生物   (5)绿色植物 ,  鹰 。

(6)急剧增多 , 捕食 , 一定的自动调节能力 。

题目分析:(1)在生态系统中,植物能够通过光合作用制造有机物,并将光能储存在有机物中,为自身和其他生物提供了食物和能量,因此绿色植物是生态系统中的生产者,在生态系统中只有绿色植物才能进行光合作用固定太阳能,消费者的能量来自生产者,生产者体内的能量是来自光合作用固定的太阳能。

(2)(3)生态系统中,生产者与消费者之间的关系,主要是吃与被吃的关系,这样就形成了食物链,一个生态系统中往往有很多条食物链,这些食物链相互关联,就形成了食物网,该食物网中共有3条食物链,分别是:绿色植物→兔→鹰,绿色植物→蚱蜢→蜥蜴→蛇→鹰,绿色植物→蚱蜢→蚯蚓→相思鸟→鹰,其中最短的一条是:绿色植物→兔→鹰。

(4)生态系统由生物部分和非生物部分组成,生物部分包括生产者、消费者和分解者,非生物部分包括阳光、空气、水、温度、土壤等,所以要将生态系统补充完整,还缺少分解者和非生物。

(5)在生态系统中,物质能量是沿着食物链、食物网流动的,并逐级减少,因此,生态系统中生物数量最多是生产者,重金属物质,在生物体内不易被排出也不易分解,因此会随着食物链传递并通过生物富集而逐级积累,鹰的营养级别最高,因此,鹰体内积存重金属污染物最多。

(6)蛇是以蜥蜴为食的,二者的关系是捕食关系,蛇被大量捕杀,那么蜥蜴会因为失去天敌,数量会急剧增多,过段时间,生态系统又逐渐恢复原样,说明了生态系统具有一定的自我调节能力。

点评:本题是生态系统的综合题,关键是根据食物链的概念判断出戊为生产者,并会分析生态系统的组成和数量变化以及物质和能量来源及传递。

完形填空
完形填空
通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
When I was about twelve years old. I had an enemy (敌人),a girl who liked to tell me about my shortcomings. She always   1 me that I was very short, and I wasn’t a good student, I talked too much, and so on. I tried to stand all of these as long as I could. Finally, I became very   2 . I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me   3 , and then asked, “Are the things that she said true or not? Jane, have you ever   4 what you’re really like? Now you have that girl’s   5 . Go and make a list of everything she said and find out if that are   6 . Pay no attention to the things that are not true.”
I did   7  he told me. To my great surprise, I found that about half of the things were true. Some of them I couldn’t    8 , like being very short, but a good number of them I could. I wanted to change the bad things in me, and for the   9  time I knew something about myself in a very clear way.
I brought the list back to my father. He   10  to take it. “That’s only just for you,” he said, “You know better than   11  else the truths about yourself, but sometimes others’ opinions are also important, so you have to learn how to  12 , and not just close your ears in anger and feel hurt. When something   13 is said about you is true, you’ll find that it will be of help to you. Our world is full of people who think that they know you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to all of them.
  14  hear the truth and do what you think is the right thing to do.”
I have remembered my father’s   15  at many important moments. I have never had a better piece of advice in my whole life.
小题1:
A.reminded B.saidC.shoutedD.laughed
小题2:
A.dullB.braveC.angryD.happy
小题3:
A.quietlyB.carelesslyC.casuallyD.differently
小题4:
A.came outB.dealt withC.got overD.thought about
小题5:
A.strategiesB.ideasC.photosD.books
小题6:
A.crazyB.trueC.strictD.simple
小题7:
A.asB.againstC.sinceD.for
小题8:
A.produceB.checkC.borrowD.next
小题9:
A.decidedB.likedC.wantedD.refused
小题10:
A.everythingB.anyoneC.nothingD.anything
小题11:
A.shoutB.teachC.listenD.read
小题12:
A.thatB.whyC.whereD.who
小题13:
A.soB.orC.forD.but
小题14:
A.featuresB.excuseC.adviceD.promises
单项选择题