问题 单项选择题

据明人蒋一葵《长安客话》记述,昔日的永乐大钟,日供六僧击之,“昼夜撞击,声闻数十里,其声宏宏,时远时近,有异他钟”。如此美妙绝伦的钟声是怎么样形成的呢
从外表上可以明显看出,大钟的钟壁上下厚度不同,钟腰的厚度是94毫米,而钟口的壁厚是185毫米。测音表明,不同厚度的各个部分,都会产生相应的频率振动,发出不同的声音,而这众多分音的汇集就是一首雄伟的交响曲。
加上永乐大钟合理的合金成分比率,优雅钟声的出现就不是偶然了。明永乐大钟的成分中含铜80.5%、锡16.4%及少量其他元素。当含锡在16%左右时,就能保证钟体强度、韧度适度,保持钟声振动的持续性;若含锡量过多或太少都会使钟声余音减短,那么就无法欣赏到永乐大钟闻声数十里的悠长钟声了。
同时还发现,永乐大钟的正下方,由一个直径4米、深0.7米的八角形地坑,它不单方便人们仰视大钟内壁,还有为钟声散音的功能,与现代舞台前乐池的声学作用异曲同工。
三管齐下方才造就了永乐大钟举世无双的完美音质。那么,明朝的能工巧匠是如何设计出这令人叫绝的声场呢
中国古钟千百年来的发展脉络有其自成_一派的风格样式。中国钟的基本形状是钟声高度与口径之比在1:0.7左右,西洋中则在1:1左右。中国钟用钟杵从外壁敲击,而西洋钟用钟舌从内部敲击,因而发出的声音比中国钟更加急促、高昂。
通过物理分析,钟声产生于撞钟引起的振动,而钟声的强弱、高低、音色主要取决于钟体的形状和材质。钟壁厚则钟声沉闷,反之清脆;钟体短而口径大则钟声消失得比较快,反之悠长。永乐大钟上端闭塞、下端钟口开放,形成钟顶小、钟腰细、钟身长、钟口外张似喇叭。当撞击时,引起钟声振动,使各分音的频率恰当,产生拍频现象。此外,成分分析的结果告示我们,永乐大钟的合金成分比率与《周礼·考工记》中的“六齐”大致相符。
(选自刘民朝主编《科技发明的历史长河》,上海科学技术文献出版社,2004)

根据本文,以下因素中能最有效保证钟声余音幽远的是:

A.适度的含锡量
B.微小的杂质含量
C.钟体的高度
D.钟壁的厚度

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 从文中“当含锡在16%左右时,就能保证钟体强度、韧度适度,保持钟声振动的持续性;若含锡量过多或太少都会使钟声余音减短,那么就无法欣赏到永乐大钟闻声数十里的悠长钟声了”即可明白。

阅读理解

In 1883, an imaginative engineer named John Roebling decided to build a spectacular bridge connecting New York with Long Island. However, bridge building experts throughout the world thought that this was a pipe dream. It was not practical. It had never been done before.

But Roebling refused to listen to them. He thought about the bridge day and night and he knew deep in his heart that it could be done. After much discussion and persuasion he convinced his son Washington, who was a promising engineer himself, that the bridge in fact could be built.

Working together for the first time, the father and son developed concepts of how it could be accomplished. With great excitement, they hired their crew and began to build their dream bridge.

The project started well, but several months after it began, a tragic accident on the site took the life of John Roebling. Washington was so seriously injured that he was never able to walk, talk or even move again.

"We told them so", "Crazy men and their crazy dreams", "It's foolish to chase wild visions", the critics said and most thought the project should be scrapped since the Roeblings were the only ones who knew how the bridge could be built. In spite of his handicap Washington still had a burning desire to complete the bridge and his mind was still as sharp as ever.

Washington's wife tried to inspire and pass on her husband's enthusiasm to some of his friends, but they were too daunted by the task. As he lay in his hospital room, an idea suddenly hit him. All he could do was move one finger and he decided to make the best use of it. By moving this finger and tapping it on his wife's arm, he slowly developed a code to communicate with her. Then he used this method to tell his wife what the engineers should do. It seemed crazy but the project was under way again. For 13 years Washington tapped out his instructions with his finger on his wife's arm, until the bridge was finally completed.

Today the spectacular Brooklyn Bridge stands in all its glory as a tribute to the triumph of one man's spirit and his determination not to be defeated by circumstances.

小题1:_ What did most people think about Roebling's idea to build the bridge?

A.It would never become a reality.

B.Washington was not experienced enough.

C.It would take a lot of time.

D.Finding the money would be impossible.小题2:_The underlined word `daunted' (para. 6) is closest in meaning to '______'.

A.unpleasant

B.scared

C.amazed

D.determined小题3:_ Which of the following shows the correct order of the events that happened in the story?

a. Roebling convinced his son.

b. Washington found a new way to communicate.

c. They hired the crew.

d. The bridge was completed.

e. Roebling wanted to build a bridge.

f. There was a tragic accident.

A.e, a, c, f, d, b

B.e, a, f, b, c, d

C.e, f, a, b, c, d

D.e, a, c, f, b, d小题4:_ What can we learn about Washington's wife?

A.She knew sign language very well.

B.She was devoted to her husband.

C.She developed a code to communicate with her husband.

D.She helped her husband design the plan.小题5:_ What does the story tell us?

A.Success will come with the passing of time.

B.Struggles are exactly what we need in our lives.

C.Even the most distant dream can be realised with a never-say-die attitude.

D.The people who make a difference in our life should be remembered forever.

单项选择题