问题 单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答以下问题。

1948年,著名建筑学家梁思成先生在清华大学任教时, 曾针对当时教育界文理偏科现象做过一场《走出半个人的时代》的精彩演讲,呼吁人们要重视全面人才的培养。然而,在“知识经济”、“知识社会”等观念愈来愈被人们接受的今天,“半个人”的问题并没有得到很好的解决。在如今的高校中, “重才干,轻德行;重为学,轻为人;重理工,轻人文”的现象依然严重,致使道德教育失去了应有的地位而走向边缘化。这样,我们培养的学生,就可能会像一位美国华裔教授所说的,只懂得abc(指美语),只懂得xyz(指数学),只懂得美元英镑,就是不了解长城黄河,不了解《大学》、《中庸》……这种教育现状不能不引起我们的反思。

技能性知识与意义性知识是两种重要的知识形态,也是完整人格形成的基础。人的知识结构与人格结构之间有着密切的内在联系。技能性知识与意义性知识是完整的知识体系中的两个重要方面,对其中任何一方的片面强调会使人的完美心灵变得残缺不全。现代社会由于人们对技能性知识的过度崇尚,对意义性知识的轻视,导致了两种知识之间关系的失衡,也导致了人类生存的片面化和个体人格的残缺,使现代人因缺乏对内心世界的关照,缺少对道德理想的追求,缺少意义和信念的支撑,而失落了自己的精神家园,出现了一些片面发展的“畸形人”或者说“半个人”。面对这些严重问题,只有找回意义性知识的“合法”地位,使技能性知识与意义性知识相互协调,才能帮助人们走出“半人时代”从而促进人的自由、全面的发展。

人的自由而全面的发展,既是人类理想的奋斗目标,又是一个不断趋近的历史过程。在这个理想变为现实的过程中需要依赖诸多的条件,而人自身的科技知识和道德素养的不断提高,则是其中的一个基本条件。作为一个健全的人,应当全面拥有技术层面的知识和意义层面的知识,将科学知识与人文知识相结合。作为科学工作者,无论从事哪种科学研究,都必须把人类的生存与发展放到首位,以人类的根本利益为最高价值尺度来衡量其得失。正如爱因斯坦1931年在美国加利福尼亚理工学院讲话时所说:“用专业知识教育人是不够的。通过专业教育,他可以成为一种有用的机器,但是不能成为一个和谐发展的人。要使学生对价值有所理解并且产生热烈的感情,那是最基本的。他必须获得对美和道德上的善有鲜明的辨别力。否则,他一连同他的专业知识一就更像一只受过很好训练的狗,而不像一个和谐发展的人。”可见,全面的教育是形成合理知识结构和塑造全面人格结构的重要途径,而教育的最终目的就是塑造全面发展的人。

针对近、现代教育中出现的“半个人”或“畸形人”的状况,教育界提出了“全人教育”的理念。尽管不同时期、不同学校、不同的人所提倡的全人教育理念存在着一定差异,但有一点是共同的,那就是强调教育的最终目的是为了培养全面发展的人。如今,我们所理解的全人教育就是:力求将受教育者培养成为一个有知识、有情感、有智慧的人;一个具有与他们所受的教育层次相符合的具有文化积淀与道德修养的人;一个具有与他们所在的学校和所学专业相适应的知识与视野,并获得相应的技能训练的人;一个在不同层面上使技能性知识与意义性知识得到协调发展,使人的生理与心理、智力与非智力、情感与意志等方面普遍得到提高的、具有较高综合素质的人。

(佚名《走出半人时代》)

做《走出半个人的时代》讲演的是()。

A.蔡元培

B.杨振宁

C.梁思成

D.李政道

答案

参考答案:C

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     On June 30, 2009, a Yemenia airplane from Paris to Comoros, Africa, crashed into the Indian Ocean.

There were 153 people on the plane, including some French officials. Though people have been searching

since the plane went down, the result looked unpleasant, for most of the passengers might be in bad luck.

     But a 13-year-old girl called Bahia Bakari was discovered in the water, where she had been staying afloat

(漂浮的) by holding a piece of wreckage (残骸) from the plane tightly fo over 13 hours. When they found

her, the girl was too weak to catch he lifebuoy (救生圈) thrown to her, instead, a Comoran police officer,

said Abdilai, jumped into the water to pull the child onto the boat.

     Bahia Bakari was injured, especially her collarbone (锁骨) her father was pleased to see his daughter

although his wife had gone away in this tragedy. He said that his daughter could hardly swim. It was really

a miracle for her to escape in this way. In her daddy's warm arms, the girl could soon remember what she

had experienced."I was thrown out of the plane and then I saw the plane fall into the water. Next I found

myself in the water. I couldn't swim very well and I caught something but I didn't know what is was," said

the girl.

     "She is really a lucky young girl," said Alain Joyandet, France's minister for International Cooperation.

1. The Yemenia airplane took off in _________.

A. Africa

B. Paris

C. Comoros

D. the Indian Ocean

2. What does the underlined word "tragedy" mean in the passage?

A. 救援

B. 车祸

C. 闹剧

D. 灾难

3. Bahia Bakari had been staying in the water for more than _________.

A. a day

B. half a day

C. a week

D. half a week

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Bahia Bakari was saved by the lifebuoy

B. Bahia Bakari's father saved his daughter

C. Bahia Bakari's mother died in the accident

D. Bahia Bakari could swim well, so se escaped

5. What's the best title for the passage?

A. A lucky girl

B. A sad family

C. A broken plane

D. A brave police officer

填空题