问题 问答题

某单机容量为20万千瓦的火力发电站工程,业主与施工单位签订了单价合同,并委托了监理。

在施工过程中,施工单位向监理工程师提出如下费用应由业主支付。

1.职工教育经费:因该项目的汽轮机是国外进口的设备,在安装前,需要对安装操作的职工进行培训,培训经费2万元。

2.研究试验费:本项目中铁路专用线的一座跨公路预应力拱桥的模型破坏性试验费8万元,改进混凝土泵送工艺试验费3万元,合计11万元。

3.临时设施费:为修变电站搭建的民工临时用房5间和为业主搭建的临时办公室3间,分别为2万元和1万元,合计3万元。

4.施工机械迁移费:施工吊装机械从另一工地调入本工地的费用l万元。

5.施工降效费:

(1)根据施工组织设计,部分项目安排在雨季施工,由于采取防雨措施,增加费用2万元,

(2)由于业主委托的另一家施工单位进行场区道路施工,影响了本施工单位正常的混凝土浇筑运输作业,监理工程师已审批了原计划和降效增加的工日及机诚台班的数量,资料如下。受影响部分的工程原计划用工2200工日,计划支出40元/工日,原计划机械台班360台班,综合台班单价为180元/台班,受施工干扰后完成该部分工程实际用工2800工日,实际支出45元/工日,实际用机械台班410台班,实际支出200元/台班。

[问题]

1.试分析以上各项费用业主是否应该支付?为什么?

2.第5条(2)中提出的降效支付要求,工费和机械使用费各应补偿多少?

3.监理工程师绘制的S形曲线如图3-1所示。

若该工作进行到第5个月底和第10个月底时,试分析;

(1)合同执行到第5个月底时的进度偏差和投资偏差;

(2)合同执行到第10个月底时的进度偏差和投资偏差。

答案

参考答案:

1.在各项费用中:

第1项 职工教育经费不应支付,该费用已包含在合同价中[或该费用已计入建安工程费的间接费(或管理费)中)。

第2项 模型破坏性试验费用应支付,该费用未包含在合同价中[或该费用属业主应支付的研究试验费(或业主的费用)]。

混凝土泵送工艺改进试验费不应支付,该费用已包含在合同价中(或该费用已计入建安工程费的其他直接费中)。

第3项 为民工搭建的用房费用不应支付,该费用已包含在合同价中(或该费用已计入建安工程费的现场经费中)。

为业主搭建的用房费用应支付,该费用未包含在合同价中(或该费用属业主应支付的临时设施费)。

第4项 施工机械迁移费不应支付,该费用已包含在合同价中(或该费用属建安工程费中的机械使用费)。

第5项 降效费(1)不应支付,该费用属施工单位责任;降效费(2)应支付,该费用属业主应给予补偿的费用。

2.工费补偿(2800-2200)×40=2400元;机械台班费补偿(410-360)×180=9000元。

3.进度偏差和投资偏差:

(1)第5个月底进度无偏差(或进度偏差为零),投资偏差为500万元。

(2)第10个月底进度偏差为落后1.5个月(或1500万元),投资偏差为超过500万元。

选择题
单项选择题

At the beginning of the twentieth century, North American society held, as an ideal, the Nuclear Family. This presumably perfect residential, social, and economic unit consisted of an adult male, an adult female and their minor children. This structure was thought to be stable and long lasting.
However, a few decades later, the structure of that ideal family was being altered radically even while it was being touted as the structure to be aimed for. Popular magazines bemoaned the loss of the Nuclear Family and its replacement with inferior forms.
There are a number of factors that are acting in concert to apply pressure on the Nuclear Family and generate a variety of new structures. Some of these are:
The definition of marriage has changed somewhat in that few people now consider it to last "until death do us part". The concept of monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman) has been modified to a form now referred to as serial monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman at a time). This reflects the increasing equality of women and men in terms of economic advantage and the recognition that many women no longer depend on men for their survival. Women are acquiring independence and have become empowered to make their own choices. With this independence, the need to form a relationship with a man becomes less important. This change embodies the concept that the marriage is temporary and can be terminated by either partner at any time. Associated with this, of course, is the relaxation of the divorce laws and the significant reduction of the shame that had one time been attached to divorce
The economy of North America has resulted in a two-tier system of a few rich who control most of the resources and a large portion of the population who control almost none of the resources. Because of this, many couples are forced to have both partners with full-time jobs outside the home. There are unintended byproducts of the need for a double income. The most important of these is the replacement of a mother-oriented socialization of children to a "stranger-oriented" socialization system reflected in the growth of the childcare industry. Also, either partner is financially able to end the marriage without significant hardship.
The combination of these changes will in the coming decades have a profound effect on the structure of the family of North America. As a result, the family will be a fluid, constantly changing structure with variable household arrangements as the norm.

The author’s purpose is to ______.

A.give the basic facts of marriage in North America

B.explain the reasons why the divorce rate is high in North America

C.introduce why both husband and wife have to work outside their home

D.give a picture of family structural change in North America