问题 问答题

精神障碍康复的主要任务是什么?

答案

参考答案:精神障碍康复的主要任务是:(1) 训练心理社会功能:认真训练生活、学习、工作方面的行为技能,包括独立生活的能力、基本工作能力、人际交往技能、解决问题技能、应付应激技能等,使患者能够重新融入社会。(2) 改善生活环境条件:大力调整和改善周围环境和社会条件(不仅是医院,还包括社区及家庭内的环境与人际关系),积极谋求社会的同情与支持,并在服务设施和生活条件上尽可能照顾到心理社会功能障碍康复的需求。(3) 药物自我管理以及求助医生能力训练:包括使患者了解药物对预防与治疗的重要意义,自觉接受药物治疗;学习有关精神药物的知识,对药物的作用、不良反应等有所了解,学会识别常见的药物不良反应,并能进行简单处理。在需要的时候,能自觉寻求医生的帮助,向医生正确地提出问题和要求,并能有效地描述自己所存在的问题和症状。在病情出现复发迹象的时候,能及时向医生反映,以得到合理的处理。(4) 贯彻支持性心理治疗:在整个康复训练过程中,始终结合有效的支持性心理治疗,进行必要的心理教育和干预,从情绪上和理智上支持精神障碍残疾者,以促进心理康复。(5) 进行家庭及社会干预:积极采用心理社会干预,尤其是家庭干预的形式,充分动员家庭成员、亲友等参与,并进一步发挥社区家庭、基层机构以及患者亲友的“联谊”作用,促使家庭担负起应尽的责任。(6) 努力提高生活质量,促使逐步回归社会:尽力提高患者在精神康复过程中的生活质量,最大限度地促使各种活动功能、技能、效能的恢复,并努力改善其社会地位、经济条件与健康状况等,是全面康复的首要目标和方向。创造条件,在社区中建立有利的过渡性康复设施,如工疗站、日间医院等,使患者能逐步达到较为理想的康复而顺利重返社会,并且尽量争取社会各阶层的支持,以解决就业和职业康复问题。

单项选择题
填空题

[A] Is that what the American viewing public is getting.’ Perhaps 10% of prime-time network programming is a happy combination of entertainment and enrichment. There used to be television-movies rich in human values,, but they have now become an endangered species. I find television too much concerned with what people have and too little concerned with who they are, very concerned with taking care of No. 1 and not at all concerned with sharing themselves with other people. All too often it tells us the half truth we wan! to hear rather than the whole truth we need to hear.

[B] Why is television not more fully realizing its humanizing potential Is the creative community at fault Partially. But not primarily. I have lived and worked in that community for 32 years, as both priest and producer. As a group, these people have values. In fact, in Hollywood in recent months, audience enrichment has become their thing. A coalition of media companies has endowed the Humanists Prize so that it can recognize and celebrate those who accomplish it.

[C] Every good story will not only captivate its viewers but also give them some insight into what it means to be a human being. By so doing, it can help them grow into the deeply centered, sovereignty free, joyously loving human being God made them to be. Meaning, freedom and love are the supreme human values. And this is the kind of human enrichment the American viewing public has a right to expect from those who make its entertainment.

[D] The problem with American TV is not the lack of storytellers of conscience but the commercial system within which they have to operate. Television in the U.S. is a business. [n the past, the business side has been balanced by a commitment to public’, service. But in recent years the fragmentation of the mass audience, huge interest payments and skyrocketing production costs have combined with the FCC’s abdication of its responsibility to protect the common good to produce an ahnost total preoccupation with the bottom line. The networks are struggling to survive. And that, the statistics seem to indicate, is mindless, heartless, escapist fare. If we are dissatisfied with the moral content of what we are invited to watch, I think we should begin by examining our own consciences. When we tune in, are we ready to plunge into reality, so as to extract its meaning, or are we hoping to escape into a sedated world of illusion And if church leaders want to elevate the quality of the country’s entertainment, they should forget about boycotts, production codes and censorship. They should work at educating their people in media literacy and at mobilizing them to support quality shows in huge numbers.

[E] It is not a question of entertainment or enrichment. These are complementary concerns and presuppose each other. The story that entertains without enriching is superficial and escapist. The story that enriches without entertaining is simply dull. The story that does both is a delight.

[F] That is the only sure way to improve the moral content of America’s entertainment.

[G] Despite questions of the motivation behind them, the attacks by the President and the Vice President on the moral content of television entertainment have found an echo in the chambers of the American soul. Many who reject the messengers still accept the message. They do not like the moral tone of American TV. In our society only the human family surpasses television in its capacity to communicate values, provide role models, form consciences and motivate human behavior. Few educators, church leaders or politicians possess the moral influence of those who create the nation’s entertainment.

Order:

[G]______→41.______→42.______→43. ______→44. ______→45.______→[F]

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