问题 填空题

An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, the harbors, The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.
It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade union such an important issue. Single trade unions have the ability to cut off many countries economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of Britain workers belong to unions, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain’s unions have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.
There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some unions have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. Unions for skilled trades are separate from general unions, which mean that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between unions. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, unions can fight for their members’ disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union members’ are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly paid jobs.
Trade unions have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large unions or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union. Some trade union officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union officials have to work with a system of "shop steward" in many unions, "shop steward" being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level.

According to the passage, how should Britain’s unions develop to achieve the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels

答案

参考答案:Develop on an industry-by-industry basis.

解析:[设题处] 转折处设题
文章第二段后半部分提到英国工会一直趋向于沿着贸易和职业链发展,而没有基于“行业与行业之间”这样一个基础,因此很难在制定工资标准的程序方面取得进步。由此不难推知 ,只有develop on an industry-by-industry basis,英国工会才能在制定工资标准的程序方面取得进步。

单项选择题
问答题

中国证监会于2010年8月受理了甲上市公司(本题下称“甲公司”)申请发行认股权和债券分离交易的可转换公司债券的申报材料,该申报材料披露了以下相关信息:
(1)甲公司2007年、2008年和2009年按照扣除非经常性损益前的净利润计算的加权平均净资产收益率分别为6%、5%和7%;按照扣除非经常性损益后的净利润计算的加权平均净资产收益率分别为5.6%、4%和6%。2007年、2008年和2009年经营活动产生的现金流量净额分别为2000万元、3000万元和4000万元。截止到2010年6月30日,甲公司经过审计后的财务会计资料显示:资产总额为260000万元,负债总额为80000万元;在负债总额中,没有既往发行债券的记录。2007年、2008年和2009年的可分配利润分别为12000万元、16000万元和20000万元。甲公司拟发行公司债券80000万元,年利率为4%,期限为3年。
(2)本次发行的认股权证的行权价格拟订为募集说明书公告日前20个交易日甲公司股票交易均价的90%。认股权证的存续期间为12个月,自发行结束3个月后方可行权。
(3)甲公司最近3年以现金方式累计分配的利润为最近3年年均可分配利润的25%。
(4)2009年12月,甲公司现任董事陈某被上海证券交易所公开谴责。2008年9月,甲公司现任董事会秘书张某因违规行为受到中国证监会的行政处罚。
(5)甲公司2008年度的财务报表被注册会计师出具了无法表示意见的审计报告。
要求:
根据证券法律制度的规定,分别回答以下问题:
(1)根据本题要点(1)所提示的内容,甲公司的净资产额、可分配利润、现金流量净额、公司债券发行额和公司债券的期限是否符合中国证监会规定的发行分离交易的可转换公司债券的条件并说明理由。
(2)根据本题要点(2)所提示的内容,甲公司本次发行的认股权证的行权价格、存续期间和行权期间是否符合中国证监会的有关规定并说明理由。
(3)根据本题要点(3)所提示的内容,甲公司最近3年的利润分配情况是否对本次发行的批准构成实质性障碍并说明理由。
(4)根据本题要点(4)所提示的内容,董事陈某、董事会秘书张某的行为是否对本次发行的批准构成实质性障碍并说明理由。
(5)根据本题要点(5)所提示的内容,甲公司2008年度财务报表出现的问题是否对本次发行的批准构成实质性障碍并说明理由。