问题 问答题

一般情况:韩某,女,28岁,某外企职员。
求助者自述:在大学各方面表现优异,成绩优秀,大学毕业以后就进入外企工作。进外企的这一年多求助者就出现了心情压抑问题,主要原因就是自己的外语不好,与老外上司交流困难,致使自己在工作上不能得心应手。她曾反复与朋友说“不想在这家外企工作了”。每隔2~3天就会发一次脾气有时候还会哭泣,朋友都无法劝阻。有头痛、失眠、胸闷、厌食、腹泻等不适应症状,每天就吃一点少量的食物。常常坐在办公室里发呆,工作中出现错误的时候,自己会惩罚自己。常常会为了一点小事就发脾气。对事情没有兴趣,情绪很低落,总是想回到学校里。家长经常劝解,但是无济于事。
咨询师观察了解到的情况:求助者身体健康,没有疾病史。韩某的父母是生意人,感情一般,经常为了一点小事情就吵架,其父亲经常会在孩子身上撒气,经常打骂求助者,给韩某造成了严重的心理创伤。因为父母没有多少文化,求助者的父母对孩子的学习很关心,孩子除了负责学习以外,其他的事情都是由父母包办,对求助者也很娇惯。韩某有个姐姐也在一家外企工作,现在已经做到了经理的职位。其姐姐事业上的成功对韩某有很大的触动:“只有像姐姐那样成功的女性,才会有精彩的人生。”求助者的性格偏内向,不善言谈,思维反应慢,不引人注意,不喜欢与人交往。
心理测验结果:SCL-90得分:抑郁3.8,焦虑3.6,人际关系2.2,躯体症状2.1。SDS的测量表明:大部分抑郁症状出现的时间为2~3天,标准分为81分。SAS:标准分69分。
请根据案例,回答以下问题:

对该求助者的诊断是什么诊断的依据是什么

答案

参考答案:[答案] 对该求助者的诊断是:抑郁性神经症。
诊断依据:
(1)根据正常与异常的心理活动的三项原则:
①主观世界与客观世界的统一性原则:因为心理是客观现实的反应,所以任何正常心理活动和行为,必须就形式和内容上与客观环境保持一致性。
②精神活动的内在协调一致性原则:人类的精神活动虽然可以被分为知、情、意等部分,但它自身确实是一个完整的统一体,各种心理过程之间具有协调一致的关系,这种协调一致性保证人在反映客观世界过程中的高度准确和有效。
③个性的相对稳定性原则:每个人在自己长期的生活道路上都会形成自己独特的个性心理特征。根据案例分析,求助者符合三项原则。
(2)对照症状学标准,该求助者表现出焦虑、情绪低落、兴趣下降、睡眠障碍等症状。从严重程度标准看,该求助者的反映强度较为强烈,心理痛苦无法自行摆脱,长期情绪不好;不良情绪泛化到生活的其它方面,出现失眠、厌食、腹泻问题,严重的影响了社会功能。从病程标准看,病程持续时间两年多,故属于神经症。
(3)本案例中求助者的主要症状有情绪低落、兴趣下降、焦虑、自我评价低等,这些都属于抑郁的表现。
(4)心理测验结果也支持本案例的诊断。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     In 1993,I had my first opportunity to visit Russia as a representative of the University of California.I

was there to provide some technical assistance in the area of agricultural labor management."The Russians

are very polite people," I had been tutored before my arrival.One of my interpreters,once I was there,

explained that a gentleman will pour the juice for the ladies and show other courtesies(礼节).

     Toward the end of my threeweek trip I was invited by my young Russian host and friend Nicolai Vasile

vich and his lovely wife Yulya out to dinner.At the end of a wonderful meal Yulya asked if I would like a

banana.I politely declined and thanked her,and explained I was most satisfied with the meal.My mind was

racing,"What do I do? Do I offer her a banana even though they are as close to her as they are to me?

What is the polite thing to do?"

     "Would you like a banana?" I asked Yulya.

     "Yes," she smiled,but made no attempt to take any of the three bananas in the fruit basket."What now?"

I thought.

     "Which one would you like?" I asked.

     "That one," she pointed at one of the bananas.So all the while thinking about Russian politeness,I

picked the banana Yulya had pointed at and peeled it half way and handed it to her.Smiles in Yulya and

Nicoli's faces told me I had done the right thing.After this experience I spent much time letting the world

know that in Russia,the polite thing is to peel the bananas for the ladies.Sometime during my third trip I was

politely disabused(纠正).

     "Oh no,Grigorii Davidovich," a Russian graciously corrected me."In Russia,when a man peels a banana

for a lady,it means he has a romantic interest in her." How embarrassed I felt!

1.The main purpose of the writer is probably to tell us ________.

A. what good manners are in Russia

B. the different ways to eat bananas in Russia

C. his interesting working experience in Russia

D. the cultural difference he has experienced in Russia

2.The author first went to Russia to ________.

A. teach agricultural labor management

B. work as an assistant in a Russian university

C. offer help in a certain area

D. meet some old friends there

3.Why most probably did Yulya and Nicolai smile when the author handed the peeled banana?

A. They wanted to hide their anger.

B. They were secretly laughing at the author.

C. They were very happy with what the author did.

D. They showed their understanding of the author.

4.After his experience with Yulya,the author probably thought ________.

A. he knew how to be polite to a lady in Russia

B. he had made a funny mistake

C. one should be careful when peeling bananas for ladies

D. one should not peel bananas for ladies

单项选择题 A3/A4型题