问题 单项选择题

在数据传输率相同的情况下,同步传输率高于异步传输速率的原因是______。

A.发生错误的概率小
B.附加的冗余信息量少
C.字符或组传送,间隔少
D.采用CRC循环码校验

答案

参考答案:B

解析:数据的传输方式一般有两种,即同步传输与异步传输。
异步传输意味着传输的双方不需要使用某种方式来“对时”,所以它并不传送很长的数据,数据是按单个的字符传送的,每个字符被加上开始位和停止位,有时还会加上校验位。
异步传输最重要的特点是简单而廉价,由于有开始位和停止位的存在,对双方的时钟精确度要求并不高。异步传输的主要缺点是额外的开销比较大,在没有校验位的情况下,用于同步的数据也要占传输总数据的20%,这不利于进行高速、大量的数据传输。
同步传输不用起始位和停止位,传输的是一个整块的数据流,这样,就必须使用某种方式将传输双方的时钟进行调整。这种调整可以使用单独的时钟线路,也可以使用具有时钟同步功能的编码方式,如数字编码中的曼彻斯特编码或者差分曼彻斯特编码、模拟传输中的载波相位来进行同步。使用同步传输,接收方需要知道数据块的边界,也就是从什么时候开始传送一连串连续的比特流。和异步传输有些类似,数据块被加上前同步码和后同步码,以及在需要的情况下,加上校验码来进行传输。
由于同步传输的数据信息比特远远多于帧同步的同步码(附加的冗余信息),所以它的效率要比异步传输高得多。

单项选择题
阅读理解

When two Bangs meet

Sheldon Cooper is a scientific genius on the popular American TV show, The Big Bang Theory (《生活大爆炸》). He finally met his match last year: Stephen Hawking.

This is not the first time that the scientist has appeared on TV. He has also been on Star Trek (in 1987) and The Simpsons (in 1989). Each time, he played himself.

Hawking, 71, is perhaps the world’s most famous scientist after Albert Einstein. He has spent his whole life studying the beginning and the end of the universe, including the Big Bang (宇宙大爆炸) theory.

The Big Bang theory explains the early development of the universe. According to the theory, about 13.7 billion years ago everything was all squeezed (挤压)together in a tiny, tight little ball, and then the ball exploded. The results of that explosion are what we call the universe.

Hawking has always tried to make science more popular with people. His book: A Brief History of Time was published in 1988. In the book he shares his understanding of the universe in simple language. The book tries to explain many subjects about the universe to common readers, including the Big Bang, black holes and light cones (光锥).

Hawking’s achievements are even greater if you think about his disability. When he was 21, Hawking caught a bad illness that slowly stopped him from moving or talking. Now he sits on a wheelchair with a computer by his side. To communicate, he moves two fingers to control the computer’s mouse. He chooses his words from the screen, which are then spoken by a voice synthesizer (合成器).

Hawking also believes that there might be aliens in space. However, he believes they are probably very dangerous, so we should not look for them. “I imagine they might exist in very big ships ... having used up all the resources from their home planet,” Hawking said in a British documentary(纪录片) named Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking. 

小题1:What does the “two Bangs” in the title refer to?

A.The director of “The Big Bang Theory” and the founder of it.

B.The director and the actor of “The Big Bang Theory”.

C.The founder of the “Big Bang” theory and its spreader.

D.The scientific genius on TV show and the one alive in real life.小题2:Acting in The Big Bang Theory is Hawking’s _____ time on TV.

A.first

B.second

C.third

D.fourth小题3:According to Paragraph 5, Hawking wrote the book A Brief History of Time especially for _____.

A.scientists who study the universe

B.people who know a lot about the universe

C.people who know little about the universe

D.people who only know simple language小题4:The Big Bang theory mainly explains _____.

A.how the universe started

B.what the universe is like

C.how old the universe is

D.how the universe exploded小题5:According to the passage, which of the following about Hawking is TRUE?

A.He was born with a disability.

B.He uses a computer to communicate.

C.He believes aliens are our friends.

D.He encourages people to look for aliens.