问题 单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答文后问题。
何谓文化向来狭义的解释,只指学术技艺而言,其为不当,自无待论。说得广的,又把一切人为的事都包括于文化之中,然则动物何以没有文化呢须知文化正是人之所以异于他动物的。其异点安在呢凡动物,多能对外界的刺激而起反应,亦多能与外界相调适。然其与外界相调适,大抵出于本能,其力量极有限,而且永远不过如此。人则不然。所以人所处的世界,与动物所处的世界,大不相同。人之所以能如此,(一)由其有特异的脑筋,能想出种种法子。(二)其手和足的作用分开,能制造种种工具,以遂行其计划。(三)又有语言以互相交通,而其扩大的即为文字。此人之所知,所能,可以传之于彼;前人之所知,所能,并可以传之于后。因而人的工作,不是个个从头做起的,乃是互相接续着做的。不像赛跑的人,从同一地点出发,却像驿站上的驿夫,一个个连接着,向目的地进行。其所走的路线自然长,而后人所达到的,自非前人所能知了。然则文化,是因人有特异的禀赋,良好的交通工具而成就的控制环境的共业。动物也有进化,但他的进化,除非改变其机体,以求与外界相适应,这是要靠遗传上变异淘汰等作用,才能达到目的的,自然非常迟慢。人则只须改变其所用的工具,和其对付事物的方法。我们身体的构造,绝无以异于野蛮人,而其控制环境的成绩却大不相同,即由其一为生物进化,一为文化进化之故。人类学上,证明白冰期以后,人的体质,无大变化。埃及的尸体解剖,亦证明其身体构造,与现今的人相同。可见人类的进化,全是文化进化。恒人每以文化状况,与民族能力,并为一谈,实在是一个重大的错误。遗传学家,论社会的进化,过于重视个体的先天能力,也不免为此等俗见所累。至于有意夸张种族能力的,那更不啻自承其所谓进化,将返于生物进化了。从理论上说,人的行为,也有许多来自机体,和动物无以异的,然亦无不披上文化的色采。如饮食男女之事,即其最显明之例。所以在理论上,虽不能将人类一切行为,都称为文化行为,在事实上,则人类一切行为,几无不与文化有关系。可见文化范围的广大。能了解文化,自然就能了解社会了。人类的行为,源于机体的,只是能力。其如何发挥此能力,则全因文化而定其形成。
(选自吕思勉《中国文化史·绪论》,《中国通史》,华东师范大学出版社,1991)(北京安通学校提供)

本文的主旨在于:

A.解释文化的范围和重要性

B.强调人与动物的不同

C.突出人类社会的文化进化

D.证明遗传学家的错误

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 文章首句即提出疑问:何谓文化下文均围绕此问题展开论述,通过人与动物的比较,从而解释了文化的范围和重要性。故选A。

完形填空
I grew up in a small town. When I was in the third grade, I was chosen to be the        in the school play. My mother helped me practice my lines for weeks. But once I stepped onto the stage, I was too nervous to        the words. Finally, my teacher asked me to         the role to a storyteller. I didn’t tell my mother        had happened when I went home for lunch that day. She knew that I was        from my look. She asked if I wanted to go for a walk in the yard.
It was a lovely         day and the grass was turning green. We could see a lot of yellow dandelions(蒲公英)in the grass. I watched my mother walking towards a dandelion and         it up by its roots(根茎). “From now on, we’ll have only roses in this garden.” she said. “But I like dandelions,” I said. “All        are beautiful —— even dandelions!”
“Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way. And that is true of       too. Not everyone can be a princess. You will be a beautiful storyteller,” my mother said, reminding me of how much I       to read stories to her. “The storyteller’s part is just as      as the part of a princess.”
The big day         came. A few minutes before the play, my teacher handed me a      . I looked at it and thought of our        talk. It made me        .
After the play, I took the flower home, and kept it in our family dictionary.
小题1:
A.kingB.snowmanC.princessD.witch
小题2:
A.forgetB.rememberC.findD.write
小题3:
A.actB.playC.changeD.take
小题4:
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this
小题5:
A.energeticB.unhappyC.excitedD.dishonest
小题6:
A.springB.summerC.autumnD.winter
小题7:
A.puttingB.pullingC.settingD.looking
小题8:
A.seasonsB.rainbowsC.flowersD.scenes
小题9:
A.animalsB.plantsC.peopleD.food
小题10:
A.hatedB.lovedC.triedD.planned
小题11:
A.interestingB.commonC.importantD.cheerful
小题12:
A.suddenlyB.finallyC.usuallyD.slowly
小题13:
A.roseB.dandelion C.presentD.hairclip
小题14:
A.breakfast timeB.lunchtimeC.suppertimeD.teatime
小题15:
A.imaginativeB.generousC.confidentD.humorous
单项选择题 A1/A2型题