问题 问答题

比较中国和西方国家的政治制度,概述行政与立法、司法的区别。

答案

参考答案:(1) 西方资产阶级政治学理论从“三权分立”的角度来解释行政,把国家权力体系分为立法权、司法权和行 * * ,并分别由议会、法院和政府“独立”行使,因此,认为行政就是与立法、司法并立的“三权”之一。“三权分立”的国家权力结构形式实质上是资产阶级国家的 * * 组织形式。
(2) 我国实行的是人民代表大会制的 * * 组织形式。在这种形式下,国家权力结构形式表现为:全国人民代表大会是国家最高权力机关,行使立法权;国务院和地方各级人民政府行使行 * * ;审判机关和检察机关行使司法权。但我国的国家行政机关、审判机关和检察机关都由人民代表大会产生,并对其负责、接受其监督。因此,在尊重国家权力的统一性、不可分割性的前提下,立法、司法、行政是国家权力的三大系统,行政是有别于立法和司法的一种国家权力,行政活动也有别于立法活动和司法活动。

阅读理解

When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor, Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any doctor I’d ever known. He never invited us to play in his yard, but he was a very kind person.

When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t saving lives, he was planting trees. He owned a large field and wanted to make it a forest.

The good doctor had some interesting ideas about planting trees. He never watered his new trees. Once I asked why. He said that watering plants spoiled them, and that if you watered them, each baby tree would grow weaker and weaker, so you had to make things difficult for them and pick out the weaker trees early on.

He talked about how watering trees made for shallow(浅的)roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in search of water under the earth by themselves. Deep roots were very important.

So he never watered his trees. He’d planted an oak and, instead of watering it every morning, he’d beat it with a rolled-up newspaper. I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the tree’s attention.

Dr. Gibbs died several years after I left home. Every now and then, I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I watched him plant about twenty-five years ago. They’re very big and strong now. I planted some trees a few years back and carried water to them for whole summer.

After two years of caring too much, whenever a cold wind blows in, they shake a lot.

Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons. Mostly I pray(祈祷)that their lives will be easy. But lately I’ve been thinking that it’s time to change my prayer. I know my children are going to face difficulties. There’s always cold wind blowing somewhere, so what we need to do is to pray for roots that reach deep into the brave heart, so when the rains fall and the winds blow, we could face it strongly and won’t be beaten down.

小题1:We know from the passage the doctor           .

A.didn’t know how to plant trees at all

B.wasn’t good at his own medical job

C.had his own ways of planting trees

D.had nothing to do but plant trees小题2:When Dr. Gibbs said “…pick out the weaker trees early on.”, he meant that          .

A.some weak trees would be easily found out at the beginning

B.he would choose the weak trees to water earlier

C.the weak trees would be sent to his patients later

D.he would not plant weak trees so early anymore小题3:The passage tells us that the writer      .

A.should beat his trees with a rolled-up newspaper

B.didn’t often water his trees

C.didn’t have a large field

D.took too much care of his trees小题4:Which can be the best title of the passage?

A.Watering trees

B.Growing roots

C.Doctor and his neighbor

D.Father and his children

单项选择题