问题 问答题

对比封建、军阀割据与工农武装割据的区别,试述中国革命走农村包围城市道路的历史必然性。

答案

参考答案:→毛 * * ——“工农武装割据理论”。
在革命实践的基础上,毛 * * 于1928年10月到1930年1月,先后写了《中国的红色 * * 为什么能够存在》、《井冈山的斗争》、《星星之火,可以燎原》、《反对本本主义》等重要著作,以马列主义的立场、观点、方法分析了中国的实际,论证了中国革命在农村首先胜利的可能性,创立了“工农武装割据”的伟大理论。
→工农武装割据与封建、军阀割据的比较。
两者都是半殖民地半封建社会的产物,都是军事割据,但在本质上是不同的:
(1)社会根源不同:军阀割据是分散的封建地主经济的必然产物,是帝国主义分而治之的侵华政策的结果;工农武装割据形成的社会根源在于中国政治经济发展的不平衡,在城市,敌人的力量非常强大,而在农村的统治相对薄弱。
(2)形成背景不同:袁世凯死后,北洋军阀内部的地方实力派失去了凝聚核心,由此形成了军阀割据的局面;大革命失败后,为挽救革命,中共确定了土地革命和武装反抗国民党反动统治的总方针,发动武装起义,创建革命根据地,形成了工农武装割据局面。
(3) * * 性质不同:军阀是封建统治者为维护其反动统治而建立的反动武装集团,它既是地主阶级的政治代表,又是帝国主义侵华的工具;工农武装割据是工农民主专政的 * * ,代表了工农大众的利益。
(4)影响和前途不同:军阀割据连年混战,给人民带来了空前灾难,是民主革命的主要对象;工农武装割据使广大人民在政治上得到解放,经济上得到翻身,使革命由“星星之火”形成“燎原之势”。
(5)出现范围不同:军阀割据遍及全国,以城市为统治中心;工农武装割据主要在南部农村发展。
→中国革命走农村包围城市道路的历史必然性。
第一,中国革命走农村包围城市的道路是由中国的特殊国情决定的。中国是一个半殖民地半封建社会,政治经济发展不平衡,城市敌人力量强大,农村敌人统治薄弱;中国内部没有民主制度,外部没有民族独立,因此不具备合法斗争的条件。
第二,中国现实的需要。大革命失败后,蒋汪合流,中国革命处于低潮,同时,中国革命的中心问题是农民问题,只有发动农民进行革命斗争,才能形成巨大的革命力量。
第三,实践得出的结论。大革命后,中共为挽救革命发动了一系列以夺取中心城市为目标的起义,如南昌起义、秋收起义、广州起义,但都失败了,失败的共同原因就在于照搬苏俄经验,走以城市为中心的革命道路,背离了中国国情。

选择题
单项选择题

Shopping has always been something of an impulse activity, in which objects that catch our fancy while strolling are immediately bought on a whim. Advertisers and sellers have taken advantage of this fact, carefully positioning inexpensive but attractive items on paths that we are most likely to cross, hoping that our human nature will lead to a greater profit for them. With the dawn of the Internet and its exploding use across the world, the same tactics apply.

Advertisers now place "banners", links to commercial web sites decorated with attractive pictures designed to catch our eyes while browsing the webs, on key web sites with heavy traffic. They pay top dollar for the right, thus creating profits for the hosting web site as well. These actions are performed in the hopes that during the course of our casual and leisurely web surfing, we’ll click on that banner that sparks our interest and thus, in theory, buy the products advertised.

Initial results have been positive. Web sites report a huge inflow of cash, both from the advertisers who tempt customers in with the banners and the hosting web sites, which are paid for allowing the banners to be put in place. As trust and confidence in Internet buying increases and information security is heightened with new technology, the volume of buying is increasing, leading to even greater profits.

The current situation, however, is not quite as optimistic. Just as magazine readers tend to unconsciously ignore advertisements in their favorite periodicals, web browsers are beginning to allow banners to slip their notice as well. Internet users respond to the flood of banners by viewing them as annoyances, a negative image that is hurting sales, since users are now less reluctant to click on those banners, preferring not to support the system that puts them in place. If Internet advertising is to continue to be a viable and profitable business practice, new methods will need to be considered to reinvigorate the industry.

With the recent depression in the technology sector and slowing economy, even new practices may not do the trick. As consumers are saving more and frequenting traditional real estate businesses over their Internet counterparts, the fate of Internet business is called into question. The coming years will be the only reliable indication of whether shopping on the world wide web is the wave of the future or simply an impulse activity whose whim has passed.

The second and third paragraphs are written in order to illustrate()

A. the policy Internet advertisers design to lure clientele and its outcome

B. the process and mixed consequences of Internet advertising and shopping

C. the biggest splash Internet advertisers have recently made in sales promotions

D. the banners Internet advertisers take advantage of to arouse customers’ interest