问题 问答题

某企业由于业务需要,急需一台不需要安装的进口设备,由于该没备应用在国家鼓励的环保能源产业方面,设备投产后,企业每年可以获得6.33万元的补贴收入(需计入应纳税所得额),另外,经营收入也会增加50万元,增加经营成本30万元。该设备离岸价为10万元美元(1美元=6.35人民币),国际运输费率为7%,国际运输保险费率为3%,关税税率为10%,增值税税率为17%,国内运杂费为9.91万元,此类设备的折旧年限为10年,净残值为10万元。国内租赁公司也提供此类设备的经营租赁业务,若企业租赁该设备,每年年末需要支付给租赁公司13万元,连续租赁10年,假定基准折现率为 10%,适用的企业所得税税率为25%。 要求: (1)计算进口设备的购置费; (2)按差额投资内部收益率法作出购买或经营租赁固定资产的决策; (3)按折现总费用比较法作出购买或经营租赁固定资产的决策。(计算过程保留两位小数)

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1)进口设备的国际运输费=10×7%=0.7(万美元)
进口设备的国际运输保险费=(10+0.7)×3%=0.32(万美元)
以人民币标价的进口设备到岸价=(10+0.7+0.32)×6.35=70(万元)
进口关税=70×10%=7(万元)
进口设备增值税 =(70+7)×17%=13.09(万元)
进口设备购置费=70+7+13.09+9.91=100万元
(2)购买设备投资=100(万元)
每年增加折旧=(100-10)/10=9(万元)
每年增加的税前利润=50+6.33-(30+9)=17.33(万元)
增加的净利润=17.33×(1-25%)=13(万元)
自购方案税后净现金流量为
NCF0=-100(万元)
NCF1~9=13+9=22(万元)
NCF10=22+10=32(万元)
租入设备每年增加的税前利润=50+5-(30+13)=12(万元)
租入设备每年增加的净利润=12×(1-25%)=9(万元)
租赁方案税后净现金流量为:
NCF0=0(万元)
NCF1~10=9(万元)
购买和租入设备差额净现金流量为:
△NCF0=-100(万元)
△NCF1~9=22-9=13(万元)
△NCF10=32-9=23(万元)
有:
100=13×(P/A,△IRR,9)+23×(P/F,△IRR,10)
设△IRR=6%,13×(P/A,△IRR,9)+23×(P/F,△IRR,10)=101.27
设△IRR=7%,13×(P/A,AIRR,9)+23×(P/F,△IRR,10)=96.39
有等式
(7%-6%)/(96.39-101.27)=(7%-△IRR)/(96.39-100)
成立
解得:△IRR=6.26%
由于差额投资内部收益率小于基准折现率10%,
所以应该采取租赁方案。
(3)购买设备的投资额现值=100(万元)
每期增加的折旧额=9(万元),每期增加的折旧抵税=9×25%=2.25(万元)
由于折旧引起的费用增加现值=(9-2.25)×(P/A,10%,10)=41.48(万元)
残值回收现值=10×(P/F,10%,10)=3.86(万元)
购买设备总费用现值=100+41.48-3.86=137.62(万元)
租赁方案每年租赁费=13万元,每年租金抵减的所得税=13×25%=3.25(万元)
租入设备的折现总费用合计=(13-3.25)×(P/A,10%,10)=599l(万元)
由于租赁方案的折现总费用59.91万元小于购买设备总费用现值137.62万元,所以应该采用租赁方案。

阅读理解

20Today it is found that school students hardly pay much attention to sports. Is it because they aren’t interested in sports? No. They often say they have other more important things to do.

What are these important things? Examinations! Students have to spend much time on all kinds of examinations at school. So many of them almost become bookworms (书呆子). Books stop them from doing sports. Because of the pressure from their parents and teachers, the students have to work harder and spend most of their time on books. As for (就……而言) the students, they want to get good results so that they can improve their studies. So it is necessary for them to give all of their free time to their studies and stop their school sports.

In fact, education can’t go without physical (身体的) exercises, because a quick mind hardly goes along with a weak body. If you don’t have a strong body, you can never get anything, let alone (更不用说) a great success in your life.

小题1:       are the greatest problems, so the school students don’t pay much attention to sports now.

A.No interest

B.Exercises

C.Education

D.Examinations小题2:The underlined word “pressure” means “        ”.

A.happy feeling

B.good care

C.nervous feeling

D.deep love小题3:If you don’t have a         , you can never get anything.

A.good face

B.weak body

C.strong body

D.good father小题4:The writer thinks the students should          .

A.work hard all day and all night

B.have all kinds of sports after studying

C.do not have sports

D.spend the free time on the studies and give up the sports.小题5:which sentence is true?

A.If sudents want to get better results in studies, they must not do sports.

B.If students spend all their time on sports, they will improve studies.

C.If you have a weak body, you will have a hard mind.

D.If you want to be successful in your life, you must have a strong body.

单项选择题