问题 问答题 简答题

常见的有机肥有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

1.施用特点

(1)优点:有机肥料营养全面,肥效持久;有机肥料本身具有多种效益,可直接作为饵料被鱼利用吸收;有机肥料可络台某些重金属离子,减轻毒性;有机肥料在一定范围内可调节pH值,起缓冲作用。

(2)缺点:有机肥料以溶解态,胶态、悬浮态、残渣等形式存在,施肥的用量不易掌握,用量大,不卫生;有机肥在池塘中需氧化才能被浮游植物利用,耗氧大,不适当时会引起鱼浮头。

2.常用有机肥

(1)绿肥。包括菊科植物、豆科植物或其他无毒而茎叶柔软、易于腐烂的植物.施肥方法是将植物堆成一堆放在背风向阳的池边浅水处,任其腐烂分解,隔1—2天翻动1次,待茎叶烂后,将残渣捞出。

(2)粪肥。包括牲畜粪、人粪尿等。粪肥在使用前要充分发酵,人粪尿在发酵时还要加1%—2%石灰消毒,以杀死病菌和寄生虫,腐熟的人粪尿用两倍水稀释,然后绕池边泼入,牲畜粪腐熟后堆在池的一角,粪肥的施用量一般每亩250—500千克。

3.混合堆肥

将绿肥、粪肥混合发酵而成,其方法是青草4份,牛羊粪2份、人粪尿1份,外加相当于肥料总量1%的生石灰,装入发酵坑或缸中,一层青草,一层粪肥,一层石灰,依次装入。堆好后加水至肥料完全浸入水中为止。上面用泥土密封使其发酵,腐熟后即可应用.施用量每亩约250千克,用水稀释后,除去沉渣,将肥汁均匀泼入鱼池。

有机肥料施入鱼池,有一小部分被鱼类和饵料动物直接利用,起了人工饵料的作用,但绝大部分是在分解以后起作用的。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     MSG (monosodium glutamate) is a food additive (食品添加剂), which has been widely used by many

food factories all over the world since it appeared first in Japan in 1909.

     MSG is a substance that is added to some food to improve its original (原先的) taste and colour. It is

used in foods around the world such as cakes, bread, frozen meats, fish and vegetables. In the beginning,

people thought MSG was safe just like salt and sugar. However, in 1968 some people reported they seemed

to have bad reactions (反应) to MSG after having had a meal at a restaurant. They included headaches and

quick heartbeat (心跳). It was also reported that MSG excited a person's brain and caused his death in Japan.

Scientists think that MSG may lead to many neurological disorders (神经紊乱). In mice studies done by a

university, the evidence showed the mice didn't want to eat the food including MSG.

     Today many food companies"hide" MSG on food labels (标签) by using different names. If you see

"natural flavorings", "hydrolyzed protein" and "spices" in a food label, you are probably seeing a hidden way

to "report" MSG in a food label. Every time we have a meal in a restaurant, we always feel the food very

delicious to taste, but sometimes it is dangerous for our health because some poisonous food additives have

been added to the food.

     To protect people's health, our governments, from central to local, are taking actions to stop factories

producing poisonous food additives.

1. Monosodium Glutamate is _______.

A. a food

B. an additive

C. a factory

D. a country

2. MSG is often used in _______.

A. frozen meats

B. cups

C. clothes

D. book covers

3. The examples in the second paragraph tell us ________.

A. the food including MSG is delicious

B. people like to eat in a restaurant

C. mice like eating the food including MSG

D. MSG is not safe sometimes

4. If you see "natural flavorings", "hydrolyzed protein" and "spices" in a food label, you will know—________.

A. you must eat the food in a hidden way

B. the food label must be hidden

C. MSG is probably added to the food

D. you must report the food to your parents

5. The underlined word "substance" in the article means __________.

A. colour

B. material

C. taste

D. food

名词解释