问题 问答题

宁波冲压设备事故呈现高发态势。据来自该市安监局的最新统计,2005年8月至10月短短3个月时间内,宁波市就发生多起冲压设备事故,造成断指53只。
据了解,宁波市慈溪、余姚、奉化等地是电器、通用仪器仪表等产品的生产基地,而这些产品的生产都离不开冲压设备。有的地方大多数冲压企业是一些个体冲压户,企业规模小,往往购买价格便宜的二手冲压设备,易造成事故。另外,冲压行业一般都算计件工资,工人们经常违章作业,不愿使用吸盘、夹子等专业辅助工具,而是直接将手伸到作业的危险区域,造成手指被机器轧伤、轧断。
对此,宁波市安监部门呼吁,希望能成立一个冲压设备检测中心,对全市所有冲压设备进行定期检测,对不合格设备强制报废。
据悉,目前宁波市安监局正着手建立以全市13家医院为监测点的冲压作业手外伤事故信息管理系统和通报机制,会同工商部门加强对无证企业的查处,逐步淘汰规模小、设备落后、事故多发的企业和家庭作坊,对事故频发企业贪污查处并适当提高伤残工人赔偿额度,要求冲压设备按规定安装防护装备更新设备,并提倡企业采用计时工资制。1. 请分析冲压作业存在的主要危险和导致的主要伤害以及预防措施。

答案

参考答案:在机械行业,冲压作业伤指事故较多。该行业曾流行一句话:十个冲工九个残。客观原因是冲压机械滑块垂直下冲速度极快。以一般100吨偏心冲床为例,滑块每分钟往复次数为75次,即单程一次只需0.4秒。采用行程为100毫米进行拉伸作业,若手在模内,冲床滑块下冲伤指的时间约为0.1秒。当操作者发现或感觉到滑块下冲时,反应到大脑,再由大脑指挥手缩回的时间约为0.2~0.3秒,显然手是来不及收回的。因此常造成伤指事故。
为了保障操作工人的安全,企业必须重视冲压设备操作区的安全保护,安装必要的安全装置,采取有效的安全措施,将危险区与操作工人的手隔开或用强制的方法将操作工人的手推出危险区。如防护栅栏保护装置、手推式保护装置、光电式防护装置、转板式护手装置及冲压拨手器、自动保护装置等。另外冲压模具的安全化也非常重要。设计模具时应把安全作为第一位来考虑,使操作者工作时有安全感。如模具必须有排除危险的机构,防止操作者在送件、定位、取件或进行废料处理等操作时,不得不出现身体的某部分进入危险区域而触及模具可动部分被夹住或被弹出等危险情形。

听力题

Read the passage and fill the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词,使内容通顺,每空格限填一词,首字母已给)

The Empire State Building(帝国大厦) has held a special place in the hearts of Americans since it was completed in 1931.It r___1__ more than 443 metres into the sky. For more than forty years , it was the tallest building in the world.

It has one hundred and three levels and six thousand five hundred windows. Visitors can ride in one of seventy-three elevators that take them from the b__2__ to very near the top of the building. Some of these elevators are very fast, reaching the eightieth floor in only forty-five seconds.

The heads of government of almost every n__3__ in the world have visited the Empire State Building. These important people are just a few of million who have ridden to the observation area near the top of the building each year. From there, visitors can see almost all of New York City. They can see the view a __4__ the Hudson River into the state of New Jersey. They can see ships in the East River.

Even if you have never visited New York, there is a good chance for you to see the Empire State Building. It has been photographed c __5__ times. It has even played parts in movies. One is about a huge ape(猿)that escapes and climbs to the top of the building. The movie is “King Kong”(金刚). It was made in 1933. The Empire State Building also appeared in the love story “An Affair to Remember”(金玉盟).Cary Grant and Deborah Kerr play a man and a woman who meet and fall in love on a ship. They are looking at the New York City skyline from the ship when they plan a future meeting.

More recently, in “Sleepless in Seattle(西雅图未眠夜)”,two people in love agree to meet at the Observation Deck on Valentines Day(情人节). B__6__ do arrive, but one is a little later. They almost m __7___each other.

In the early nineteen seventies, the Empire State Building lost its place as the tallest building in New York. People in the city then had the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center to look up to. Tragically that all changed on the morning of September 11,2001. Terrorists hijacked(劫持) passenger airplanes into the Twin Towers and destroyed them. The Empire State Building again has become the city’s tallest building.

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