问题 问答题

某污水排放工程项目施工采用了包工包全部材料的固定价格合同。工程招标文件参考资料中提供的用砂地点距工地4公里。但是开工后,检查发现该砂质量不符合要求,承包商只得从另一距工地20公里的供砂地点采购。而在一个关键工作面上又发生了以下原因造成临时停工:5月20日至5月26日承包商的施工设备出现了从未出现过的故障;应于5月24日交给承包商的后续图纸直到6月10日才交给承包商;6月7日至 6月12日施工现场下了该季节罕见的特大暴雨,造成了6月11日至6月14日的该地区的供电全面中断。
[问题]

答案

参考答案:1.因砂场地点的变化提出的索赔不能被批准。原因是:
(1)承包商应对自己就招标文件的解释负责并考虑相关风险;
(2)承包商应对自己报价的正确性与完备性负责;
(3)材料供应的情况变化是一个有经验的承包商能够合理预见到的。
2.可以批准的费用索赔额为32万元人民币。原因是:
(1)5月20日至5月26日出现的设备故障,属于承包商应承担的风险,不应考虑承包商的费用索赔要求。
(2)5月27日至6月9日是由于业主迟交图纸引起的,为业主应承担的风险,可以索赔,但不应考虑承包商的利润要求,索赔额为14天×2万元/天=28万元。
(3)6月7日至6月12日的特大暴雨属于双方共同的风险,不应考虑承包商的费用索赔要求,
(4)6月13日至6月14日的停电属于有经验的承包商无法预见的自然条件变化,为业主应承担的风险,但不应考虑承包商的利润要求,索赔额为2天×2万元/天=4万元。
3.承包商的索赔要求成立必须同时具备如下四个条件:
(1)与合同相比较,已造成了实际的额外费用或工期损失;
(2)造成费用增加或工期损失的原因不是由于承包商的过失;
(3)按合同规定造成的费用增加或工期损失不是应由承包商承担的风险;
(4)承包商在事件发生后的规定时间内提出了索赔的书面意向通知。
4.不合理。因窝工闲置的设备按折旧费或停滞台班费或租赁费计价,不包括运转费部分;人工费损失应考虑这部分工作的工人调做其他工作时工效降低的损失费用;一般用工日单价乘以一个测算的降效系数计算这一部分损失,而且只按成本费用计算,不包括利润。
5.由上述事件引起的工程进度拖延不等于竣工工期的延误。原因是:如果不能通过施工方案的调整将延误的工期补回,将会造成工期延误,支付中要扣除拖期违约金;如果能够通过施工方案的调整将延误的工期补回,不会造成工期延误,不产生拖期违约金,支付中不扣。

阅读理解

Modern inventions have speeded up people's lives amazingly.Motor cars cover a hundred miles in lithe more than an hour,aircraft cross the world inside a day,while computers operate at lightning speed.Indeed,this love of speed seems never ending.Every year motor cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts(吹嘘)of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.

All this saves time,but at a price.When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane,our bodies tell us so.We get the uncomfortable feeling known as j et lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone.Again,spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers.Mobile phones also                   ,according to some scientists;too much use may put harmful radiation into our brains,a consequence we do not like to think about.

However,what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax,or so it seems.We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time.Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio,letting imagination take us into another world.

There was a time when some people's lives were devoted simply to the cultivation(耕耘)of the land or the care of cattle.No multi tasking there;their lives went on at a much gentler pace,and in a familiar pattern.There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this.Yet before we do so,we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced:they farmed with bare hands,often lived close to hunger,and had to make tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.

小题1:What's the passage mainly about?(within 10 words)

                                                                        

小题2:List the difficulties our ancestors met according to the text.(within 15 words)

                                                                        

                                                                        

                                                                        

小题3:Fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words or phrases.

                                                                        

小题4:Why do we make new products more and more time-saving according to Paragraph 1 of this passage?

                                                                        

小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the 3rd paragraph into Chinese.

                                                                        

单项选择题