问题 问答题

阅读下列一组材料: 材料1 荆人欲袭楚,使人先表雍水。雍水暴益,荆人弗知,循表而夜涉。溺死者千余人,军惊而坏都舍。向其先表之时可导也,今水已变而益多矣,荆人尚犹循表而导之,此其所以败也。 材料2 郑人有欲买履者,先自度其足,而置之其坐。至之市,而忘操之。已得履,谓曰:“吾忘持度!”返归取之。及返,市罢,遂不得履。人曰:“何不试之以足?”曰:“宁信度,无自信也。” 材料3 西施病心及膑其里,其里之丑人,见而美之,归亦捧心而膑其里。其里之富人见之,坚闭门而不出;贫人见之,挈妻子而去之走。彼知膑美,而不知膑之所以美。 请回答: (1)材料1中荆人为什么失败? (2)材料2、3中郑人和东施的做法遭到世人嘲笑的原因是什么? (3)综合材料1、2、3,阐述它们体现的共同哲学原理及其方法论意义。

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参考答案:

解析:(1)材料1中荆人不懂得用发展的眼光去看待事物。情况是不断变化的,处理事情也要随着情况的变化而变化,如果把事情看成静止不变,不去适应新的情况、采用新的措施,结果必定遭到失败。 (2)材料2、3中郑人和东施都违背了具体问题具体分析的哲学原理,其结果必然是事与愿违。郑人不依据自己脚的真正尺寸而只知道机械地按照量好的脚的尺寸去买鞋子。东施则没有具体分析自己的举止是否会与西施的举止达到一样的效果,而盲目地学西施病的时候捂着胸口的样子,结果使自己的样子更加难看。 (3)材料1、2、3体现的共同哲学原理是要具体问题具体分析。在方法论上要求一切从实际出发,实事求是,根据变化的情况做出相应的判断。

单项选择题
填空题

When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He (1) severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm (2) balance, people would stare. I would inwardly be afraid (3) squirm at the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let (4) .
It was difficult to coordinate (5) steps - his halting, mine impatient - and because of that, we didn’t say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You (6) the pace. I will try to adjust to you. "
Our usual walk was to or (7) the subway, which was how he got to (8) . He went to work sick, and (9) nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would (10) it to the office even if (11) could not: a matter of pride!
He never talked about himself as an object of pity, (12) did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him.
Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard (13) which to judge people, even though I still don’t know precisely (14) a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don’t have one myself.
He has (15) gone many years now, but I think (16) him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our (17) . If he did, I am (18) I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am (19) of another’s good fortune, when I don’t have a "good heart".
At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my (20) , and say, "You set the pace, I will try to adjust to you.\