问题 问答题

一、注意事项  1.申论考试,与传统作文考试不同,是对分析驾驭材料的能力、解决问题能力、语言表达能力的测试。  2.作答参考时限:阅读材料40分钟,作答110分钟。  3.仔细阅读给定的资料,按照后面提出的“申论要求”依次作答。 二、给定资料  (1)男女公务员应同龄退休。综合新华社消息,“现行的公务员条例中规定男60岁退休,女55岁退休。女性拥有相同的文化程度,在同二个岗位上工作,为什么要提前5年退休”在北京召开的中国妇女第九次全国代表大会上,男女退休年龄的差异,引起了代表们的质疑。  (2)提前退休形成事实上的男女不平等。“决定一个人是否退休的条件应当是能力和身体状况,而不应该是性别。”全国妇联妇女研究所所长谭琳代表指出,对于许多女性来说,55岁正是年富力强、义务负担最轻的时候,提前离开工作岗位,不仅是人力资源的浪费,也反映了男女占有资源的不平等。  (3)“提前退休,也使得许多女性退休后享受的工资待遇比男性低,这又形成了男女经济上的不平等。”河南省妇联副 * * 李萍代表说,以前制订男女退休年龄标准的时候,是出于对女性身体保护的角度考虑,而现在随着社会的进步,这样的规定就显得不合时宜了。  (4)“退休年龄的不同还影响了女性参政议政和职业发展。”湖南省益阳市妇联 * * 梅敏亚代表指出,由于这5年的差距,与男性相比,女干部、女专业技术人员在教育培训、职业发展和岗位晋升等方面的机会明显减少,“这很大程度地制约了优秀女性人才的选拔”。  (5)将男女同龄退休写入《妇女权益保障法》。中国政法大学国际教育学院院长、中国婚姻家庭研究会副会长夏吟兰透露,“妇女权益保障法修订专家组”正在对男女同龄退休问题进行专题讨论,《妇女权益保障法》修订后有望在此问题上作出明确规定。  作为专家组成员,夏吟兰说,让女性先于男性退休,这一规定的原意是为了照顾女性在体能上的欠缺。但随着时代发展,女性受教育程度越来越高,平均寿命也日益延长,在脑力劳动上完全可与男性媲美。“尤其是对一些有着丰富社会经验,担任领导干部和技术工作的女性来说,强令她们55岁退休,更是对人力资源的巨大浪费。”夏吟兰说。  (6)提前退休给女性造成更大压力。夏吟兰说,女性比男性提前5年退休,就意味着女性必须早成材,这必然给女性造成更大的压力。同时,早退休还使女性的退休金低于男性,造成退休越早、退休金金额越少的客观后果。她强调,将“男女同龄退休”写入法律,意味着兼顾男女同龄退休的平等权利和妇女自主选择提前退休的弹性原则,即在胜任工作的情况下女性退休年龄与男性一致,而女性不能胜任工作或虽能胜任但本人不希望继续工作的,可选择提前退休。

请用不超过150字的篇幅,概括出给定资料所反映的主要问题。

答案

参考答案:女性在年富力强、义务负担最轻的时候,提前离开工作岗位,不仅是人力资源的浪费,也反映了男女占有资源的不平等。提前退休,也使得许多女性退休后享受的工资待遇比男性低,这又形成了男女经济上的不平等。女性提前退休还影响了女性参政议政和职业发展。女干部、女专业技术人员在教育培训、职业发展和岗位晋升等方面的机会明显减少。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读下面短文,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项,并在机读卡上相应番号处将该项涂黑。

People who show confidence really seem to have it made. They seize more rewarding careers, keep good relationships, and just seem to do everything with more styles than the rest of us.

So what is the secret? There isn’t one. Self-confidence is a skill and habit that anyone can learn to develop. And although people who are raised in an encouraging environment with confident role models have a hard start in self-confidence development, we all can learn to become more confident at any age.

Try these simple tips for practicing and increasing your self-confidence levels:

Dare to fail. Anybody who’s out there bravely performing is going to fail repeatedly. If you are not failing, you are not trying. So don’t take failure too hard or too personally. Just learn to deal with it and use its lessons to keep improving.

When in doubt, pretend you know what you are doing. Because, if you are confident of your abilities, by the time you have done it, you will be experienced.

Dress for success. You don’t have to be beautiful to be confident. Make the most of your own unique physical characters and weaken your disadvantages.

Listen to yourself. You are the only person who knows what’s right for you. Don’t put others’ opinions above your own inner voice.

Build a confident vocabulary. Stop putting yourself down and give up continually blaming your tiny weaknesses. Learn to show up your strong points and the world will learn to see and celebrate them with you.

Pass on the praise. Praise others for their virtues and strengths. This practice will not decrease your confidence, but help increase it.

小题1: The passage is written mainly __________.

A.to explain the definition of self-confidence

B.to explain the secret of self-confidence

C.to tell people how important self-confidence is

D.to tell people how to build self-confidence小题2:The underlined word “one” in the second paragraph refers to __________.

A.the secret of self-confidence

B.the skill of self-confidence

C.the style of doing things

D.a rewarding career小题3:The main idea of the sixth paragraph is __________.

A.to be confident means to have no disadvantages

B.taking full advantage of your physical characters will help you be confident

C.your unique characters will help you be confident and be successful

D.to be confident means to be beautiful小题4:All the following are tips to increase your self-confidence level EXCEPT_________.

A.not to be afraid of failure

B.dress yourself properly

C.pretend to know everything

D.make your advantages more obvious小题5:__________ will weaken your self-confidence.

A.Praising others for their strong points

B.Always following others’ advice to do things

C.Giving up blaming your weaknesses

D.Believing in yourself